European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe effects of tramadol on static and dynamic pupillometry in healthy subjects--the relationship between pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and CYP2D6 metaboliser status.
The main objective of the present study was to provide information on whether static and dynamic pupillometry can be used for pharmacodynamic profiling, particularly when investigating opioid-like drugs, such as tramadol. ⋯ The EMs and PMs of CYP2D6 treated with tramadol behaved differently in static and dynamic pupillometry. The reason for this could largely be explained with the aid of the metaboliser status and the pharmacokinetic properties of tramadol. In EMs, the pupillometric response was mainly driven by the (+)-M1, which comprises the mu action component of tramadol; whereas, in PMs, the non-mu component appears to play an important role. Thus, pupillometry was found to be useful in pharmacodynamic profiling and provides a good correlation with the pharmacokinetics.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of valdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
This study evaluated the effects of varying degrees of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of valdecoxib following single and multiple dosing. ⋯ In our small study sample, mild and moderate hepatic impairment appeared to have only a modest effect on valdecoxib and SC-66905 pharmacokinetics. The adjustment of valdecoxib dose or dosing regimen does not appear mandatory in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, although caution is necessary during treatment of these patients with valdecoxib.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyInteraction between mivacurium and pancuronium: impact of the order of administration.
Potentiation of mivacurium by low-dose pancuronium is mostly due to an inhibition of plasma butyryl cholinesterase (BchE) resulting in a decreased rate of hydrolysis of mivacurium. Nevertheless, an interaction at the receptor site could not be ruled out. By changing the order of the muscle relaxant injections, we may lessen the pharmacokinetic interaction and assess the impact at the acetylcholine receptor level. ⋯ Interaction between mivacurium and low dose pancuronium is significant only when mivacurium is injected after pancuronium.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2005
Treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-II-antagonists and beta-blockers in an unselected group of patients with chronic heart failure.
Modern diagnostics of chronic heart failure (CHF) is based on echocardiography. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-II-antagonists (AIIAs) in case of ACEI intolerance, and beta-blockers are recommended as first-line drugs in patients with CHF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The aims of this study were to analyse the diagnostics and treatment of patients with CHF and to identify the optimal drug profile (target level) with regard to ACEI/AIIA- and beta-blocker treatment. ⋯ CHF was not optimally diagnosed in this cohort of patients. Correct diagnosing seems to be associated with more adequate treatment.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Feb 2005
Study of usage pattern of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among different practice categories in Indian clinical setting.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usage pattern of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in diverse clinical practice settings in India. ⋯ This study has shown that there exist significant differences in the usage pattern and preferences of NSAIDs among different practice categories in India. The data have also revealed that there is a need for awareness programmes on rational prescribing of NSAIDs towards optimal therapeutics and improved patient care in India.