The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Feb 2014
A sensory neuron-expressed IL-31 receptor mediates T helper cell-dependent itch: Involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1.
Although the cytokine IL-31 has been implicated in inflammatory and lymphoma-associated itch, the cellular basis for its pruritic action is yet unclear. ⋯ IL-31RA is a functional receptor expressed by a small subpopulation of IL-31RA(+)/TRPV1(+)/TRPA1(+) neurons and is a critical neuroimmune link between TH2 cells and sensory nerves for the generation of T cell-mediated itch. Thus targeting neuronal IL-31RA might be effective in the management of TH2-mediated itch, including atopic dermatitis and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Feb 2014
Measures of gene expression in sputum cells can identify TH2-high and TH2-low subtypes of asthma.
The 3-gene signature of periostin, chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), and Serpin β2 (SERPINB2) in airway epithelial brushings is used to classify asthma into TH2-high and TH2-low endotypes. Little is known about the utility of gene profiling in sputum as a molecular phenotyping method. ⋯ IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 transcripts are easily detected in sputum cells from asthmatic patients, and their expression levels can be used to classify asthma into T(H)2-high and T(H)2-low endotypes.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Feb 2014
ReviewEfficacy and safety of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a systematic review.
Many patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) require systemic immunomodulating treatment to achieve adequate disease control. ⋯ Although 12 different interventions for moderate-to-severe AD have been studied in 34 RCTs, strong recommendations are only possible for the short-term use of cyclosporin A. Methodological limitations in the majority of trials prevent evidence-based conclusions. Large head-to-head trials evaluating long-term treatments are required.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Feb 2014
A genome-wide association study of bronchodilator response in Latinos implicates rare variants.
The primary rescue medication to treat acute asthma exacerbation is the short-acting β₂-adrenergic receptor agonist; however, there is variation in how well a patient responds to treatment. Although these differences might be due to environmental factors, there is mounting evidence for a genetic contribution to variability in bronchodilator response (BDR). ⋯ Our results suggest that rare variation contributes to individual differences in response to albuterol in Latinos, notably in SLC genes that include membrane transport proteins involved in the transport of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics. Resequencing in larger, multiethnic population samples and additional functional studies are required to further understand the role of rare variation in BDR.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Feb 2014
The antimicrobial protein short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is differentially modulated in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a highly heterogeneous disease with aberrant host defense responses. However, whether innate immunity is similarly impaired in patients with eosinophilic and those with noneosinophilic CRSwNP remains unclear. ⋯ Differential SPLUNC1 suppression between the eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP subsets suggests that they possess distinct pathogenic mechanisms. This finding might benefit the design of appropriate therapeutic interventions targeted to each subset.