The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · May 2016
Gene expression profiling of asthma phenotypes demonstrates molecular signatures of atopy and asthma control.
Recent studies have used cluster analysis to identify phenotypic clusters of asthma with differences in clinical traits, as well as differences in response to therapy with anti-inflammatory medications. However, the correspondence between different phenotypic clusters and differences in the underlying molecular mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis remains unclear. ⋯ These findings suggest that phenotypic clusters are associated with differences in the underlying pathobiology of asthma. Further experiments are necessary to confirm these findings.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · May 2016
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin controls prostaglandin D2 generation in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is the dominant COX product of mast cells and is an effector of aspirin-induced respiratory reactions in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). ⋯ Our study demonstrates that mast cell-derived PGD2 is a major effector of type 2 immune responses driven by TSLP and suggests that dysregulation of this innate system contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of AERD.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · May 2016
Programmed cell death ligand 1 alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing IL-17A production from programmed cell death 1-high T cells.
Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin. Recently, IL-17-producing T cells have been shown to play a critical role in psoriatic inflammation. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory receptor expressed on T cells in various chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the expression and function of PD-1 during psoriatic inflammation have not previously been characterized. ⋯ PD-1 is overexpressed in IL-17A-producing T cells in both imiquimod-treated mice and patients with psoriasis. Moreover, recombinant PD-L1-Fc alleviates psoriatic inflammation in imiquimod-treated mice.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · May 2016
Relationship between lung function and quantitative computed tomographic parameters of airway remodeling, air trapping, and emphysema in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A single-center study.
There is a paucity of studies comparing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on thoracic quantitative computed tomographic (QCT) parameters. ⋯ In asthmatic patients and patients with COPD, lung function impairment is strongly associated with air trapping, with a contribution from proximal airway narrowing in asthmatic patients.