The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Sep 2017
Observational StudyPatterns of immune development in urban preschoolers with recurrent wheeze and/or atopy.
Disadvantaged urban children have high rates of allergic diseases and wheezing, which are diseases associated with type 2-biased immunity. ⋯ These findings suggest that diverse biologic exposures, including allergens and endotoxin, in urban homes stimulate the development of cytokine responses in early life, and that cytokine responses to specific microbial and viral stimuli are associated with the development of allergic sensitization and recurrent wheeze.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Sep 2017
Urban residence, neighborhood poverty, race/ethnicity, and asthma morbidity among children on Medicaid.
Although poor-urban (inner-city) areas are thought to have high asthma prevalence and morbidity, we recently found that inner cities do not have higher prevalent pediatric asthma. Whether asthma morbidity is higher in inner-city areas across the United States is not known. ⋯ Residence in poor and urban areas is an important risk factor for asthma morbidity, but not for prevalence, among low-income US children.