The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
-
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Oct 2017
Rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode predicts atopic but not nonatopic asthma at school age.
Persistent childhood asthma is mainly atopy driven. However, limited data exist on the risk factors for childhood asthma phenotypes. ⋯ The data suggest diverse asthma phenotypes and mechanisms that can be predicted by using simple clinical markers at the time of the first severe wheezing episode. These findings are important for designing early intervention strategies for secondary prevention of asthma.
-
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Oct 2017
Cysteinyl leukotriene E4 activates human group 2 innate lymphoid cells and enhances the effect of prostaglandin D2 and epithelial cytokines.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a potential innate source of type 2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic conditions. Epithelial cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP]) and mast cell mediators (prostaglandin D2 [PGD2]) are critical activators of ILC2s. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), including leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4, and LTE4, are metabolites of arachidonic acid and mediate inflammatory responses. Their role in human ILC2s is still poorly understood. ⋯ CysLTs, particularly LTE4, are important contributors to the triggering of human ILC2s in inflammatory responses, particularly when combined with other ILC2 activators.
-
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Sep 2017
Observational StudyPatterns of immune development in urban preschoolers with recurrent wheeze and/or atopy.
Disadvantaged urban children have high rates of allergic diseases and wheezing, which are diseases associated with type 2-biased immunity. ⋯ These findings suggest that diverse biologic exposures, including allergens and endotoxin, in urban homes stimulate the development of cytokine responses in early life, and that cytokine responses to specific microbial and viral stimuli are associated with the development of allergic sensitization and recurrent wheeze.
-
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Sep 2017
Urban residence, neighborhood poverty, race/ethnicity, and asthma morbidity among children on Medicaid.
Although poor-urban (inner-city) areas are thought to have high asthma prevalence and morbidity, we recently found that inner cities do not have higher prevalent pediatric asthma. Whether asthma morbidity is higher in inner-city areas across the United States is not known. ⋯ Residence in poor and urban areas is an important risk factor for asthma morbidity, but not for prevalence, among low-income US children.
-
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Aug 2017
Case ReportsDisease-associated mutations identify a novel region in human STING necessary for the control of type I interferon signaling.
Gain-of-function mutations in transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) encoding stimulator of interferon genes (STING) underlie a recently described type I interferonopathy called STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). ⋯ Structural analysis indicates that the 3 disease-associated mutations at positions 206, 281, and 284 of the STING protein define a novel cluster of amino acids with functional importance in the regulation of type I interferon signaling.