Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The sedative and analgesic sparing effect of music.
To determine whether music influences intraoperative sedative and analgesic requirements, two randomized controlled trials were performed. ⋯ Use of intraoperative music in awake patients decreases patient-controlled sedative and analgesic requirements. It should be noted, however, that patients in the no-music group did not use a headset during operation. Thus, the decrease in sedative and analgesic requirements could be caused by elimination of ambient operating room noise and not by the effects of music.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity is similar during remifentanil/N2O and fentanyl/N2O anesthesia.
Remifentanil, a rapidly metabolized mu-opioid agonist, may offer advantages for neurosurgical procedures in which prolonged anesthetic effects can delay assessment of the patient. This study compared the effects of remifentanilnitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and carbon dioxide reactivity with those of fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia during craniotomy. ⋯ Remifentanil and fentanyl have similar effects on absolute CBF, and cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity is maintained.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Single-breath vital capacity rapid inhalation induction in children: 8% sevoflurane versus 5% halothane.
The authors compared the speed of induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane with and without nitrous oxide with the speed of halothane and nitrous oxide using a single-breath vital capacity induction. ⋯ Induction of anesthesia with a single breath of 8% sevoflurane with or without 66% nitrous oxide is more rapid than with 5% inspired halothane with 66% nitrous oxide in children. The incidence of movement and dysrhythmias during a single-breath induction with sevoflurane are less than they are with halothane.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Intrathecal sufentanil dose response in nulliparous patients.
Intrathecal sufentanil provides effective analgesia during the first stage of labor. A range of doses has been reported to provide adequate pain relief. This study determined the dose of intrathecal sufentanil that produced acceptable pain relief in 50% of nulliparous patients (ED50) who requested labor analgesia. ⋯ This is the first study to determine the ED50 of intrathecal sufentanil in spontaneously laboring nulliparous patients. As dose-response curves are determined for other labor analgesics, future studies can compare equianalgesic doses or dose combinations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Transnasal butorphanol is effective for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing myringotomy.
More than 70% of children require analgesics after bilateral myringotomy and tube placement (BMT). Because anesthesia for BMT is generally provided by face mask without placement of an intravenous catheter, an alternative route for analgesia administration is needed. Transnasal butorphanol is effective in relieving postoperative pain in adults and children. The effectiveness of transnasal butorphanol for postoperative pain management in children undergoing BMT was studied. ⋯ Transnasal butorphanol given in a dose of 25 microg/kg after induction of anesthesia provided adequate postoperative pain relief in children undergoing BMT.