Anesthesiology
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Moxonidine, a novel imidazoline-alpha2-adrenergic receptor-selective analgesic, was recently identified as antinociceptive but has yet to be evaluated in neuropathic pain models. alpha2-adrenergic receptor-selective analgesics, and high-efficacy opioids, effectively inhibit neuropathic pain behaviors in rodents. In contrast, morphine potency and efficacy decreases in states of neuropathic pain, both in rodents and in humans, but may be restored or enhanced by coadministration of morphine with alpha2-adrenergic receptor-selective analgesics. The current experiments extend the evaluation of opioid-coadjuvant interactions in neuropathic subjects by testing the respective antihyperalgesic interactions of moxonidine and clonidine with morphine in a test of mechanical hyperalgesia. ⋯ Moxonidine and clonidine both synergize with morphine to inhibit paw withdrawal from nociceptive mechanical stimuli in nerve-injured mice.
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Previous studies reported that thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) protected against a decrease in gastric intramucosal pH, suggesting that TEA increased gut mucosal perfusion. The current study examines the effects of TEA on ileal mucosa using intravital microscopy in anesthetized rats. ⋯ Thoracic epidural anesthesia increased gut mucosal blood flow and reduced intermittent flow in the villus microcirculation in the presence of a decreased perfusion pressure.
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Letter Case Reports
A novel technique for conversion of nasotracheal tube to orotracheal.