Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of clonidine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery.
Perioperative myocardial ischemia occurs in 20-40% of patients at risk for cardiac morbidity and is associated with a ninefold increase in risk of cardiac morbidity. ⋯ Perioperative administration of clonidine for 4 days to patients at risk for coronary artery disease significantly reduces the incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia and postoperative death.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A randomized controlled trial comparing the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway with the Laryngeal Tube Suction in mechanically ventilated patients.
The ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) (Laryngeal Mask Company, Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom) is a new laryngeal mask with a modified cuff designed to improve its seal and a drain tube for gastric tube placement. Similarly, the Laryngeal Tube Suction (LTS) (VBM Medizintechnik Gmbh, Sulz a.N, Germany) is a new laryngeal tube that also has an additional channel for gastric tube placement. This study compared the placement and functions of these two devices. ⋯ With respect to both physiologic and clinical function, the PLMA and LTS are similar and either device can be used to establish a safe and effective airway in mechanically ventilated anesthetized adult patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Epidural neostigmine combined with sufentanil provides balanced and selective analgesia in early labor.
This study evaluated the efficacy of an epidural single dose of neostigmine combined with sufentanil to provide selective and balanced analgesia at the beginning of labor. ⋯ Epidural combination of neostigmine 500 micrograms (e.g., 6-7 micrograms/kg) with sufentanil 10 micrograms provides similar duration of analgesia as epidural sufentanil 20 micrograms and allows effective and selective analgesia devoid of side effects in the first stage of labor.
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Age and body temperature alter inhalational anesthetic requirement; however, no human genotype is associated with inhalational anesthetic requirement. There is an anecdotal impression that anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads. Furthermore, red hair results from distinct mutations of the melanocortin-1 receptor. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that the requirement for the volatile anesthetic desflurane is greater in natural redheaded than in dark-haired women. ⋯ Red hair seems to be a distinct phenotype linked to anesthetic requirement in humans that can also be traced to a specific genotype.