Anesthesiology
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A newly developed microemulsion propofol consisted of 10% purified poloxamer 188 and 0.7% polyethylene glycol 660 hydroxystearate. The authors studied the physicochemical properties, aqueous free propofol concentration, and plasma bradykinin generation. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were also evaluated in rats. ⋯ Microemulsion propofol produced a high concentration of free propofol in the aqueous phase. For the applied dose range, microemulsion propofol showed nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Antiinflammatory effect of peripheral nerve blocks after knee surgery: clinical and biologic evaluation.
Nerve blocks provide analgesia after surgery. The authors tested whether nerve blocks have antiinflammatory effects. ⋯ Nerve blocks inhibited clinical inflammation after total knee arthroplasty, with no change in tissue and plasma cytokine concentrations.
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Mechanical ventilation (MV) can induce ventilator-induced lung injury. A role for proinflammatory pathways has been proposed. The current studies analyzed the roles of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 involvement in the inflammatory response after MV in the healthy lung. ⋯ The current study supports a role for TLR4 in the inflammatory reaction after short-term MV in healthy lungs. Increasing the understanding of the innate immune response to MV may lead to future treatment advances in ventilator-induced lung injury, in which TLR4 may serve as a therapeutic target.