Anesthesiology
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Long-term consequences of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery, but the consequences are unknown. The authors' aim was to determine the effects of POCD on long-term prognosis. ⋯ Cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery was associated with increased mortality, risk of leaving the labor market prematurely, and dependency on social transfer payments.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Development of the functional recovery index for ambulatory surgery and anesthesia.
It is increasingly important to evaluate patients' recovery after ambulatory surgery. The authors developed the Functional Recovery Index (FRI) to assess postdischarge functional recovery for ambulatory surgical patients. ⋯ The FRI had excellent reliability, good validity, responsiveness, and acceptability, indicating that this questionnaire will be a good instrument for assessing functional recovery of ambulatory surgical patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Adaptive support and pressure support ventilation behavior in response to increased ventilatory demand.
Dual-control modes of ventilation adapt the pressure delivery to keep a volume target in response to changes in respiratory mechanics, but they may respond poorly to changes in ventilatory demand. Adaptive support ventilation (ASV), a complex minute volume-targeted pressure-regulated ventilation, was compared to adaptive pressure ventilation (APV), a dual-mode in which the pressure level is adjusted to deliver a preset tidal volume, and to pressure support ventilation (PSV) when facing an increase in ventilatory demand. ⋯ ASV and PSV behaved differently but ended up with similar pressure level facing acute changes in ventilatory demand, by contrast to APV (a simple volume-guaranteed pressure-control mode), in which an increase in ventilatory demand results in a decrease in the pressure support provided by the ventilator.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Effect of nitrous oxide use on long-term neurologic and neuropsychological outcome in patients who received temporary proximal artery occlusion during cerebral aneurysm clipping surgery.
The authors explored the relationship between nitrous oxide use and neurologic and neuropsychological outcome in a population of patients likely to experience intraoperative cerebral ischemia: those who had temporary cerebral arterial occlusion during aneurysm clipping surgery. ⋯ In this patient population, use of nitrous oxide was associated with an increased risk for the development of delayed ischemic neurologic deficits; however, there was no evidence of detriment to long-term gross neurologic or neuropsychological outcome.
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Comparative Study
Intraoperative fraction of inspired oxygen is a modifiable risk factor for surgical site infection after spinal surgery.
Surgical site infections (SSI) after spinal surgery increase morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs. Most previously identified risk factors for these infections, such as severity of illness and procedure duration, are not amenable to intervention. This study sought to identify modifiable risk factors associated with SSI after spinal surgery. ⋯ In addition to previously reported risk factors, this study identified intraoperative administered fraction of inspired oxygen of less than 50% as an independent, modifiable risk factor for SSI after spinal surgery. Intraoperative administration of at least 50% fraction of inspired oxygen should be tested prospectively as an intervention to prevent SSI after spinal surgery.