Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism
-
Semin. Arthritis Rheum. · Aug 2016
ReviewThe impact of underlying disease on fracture risk and bone mineral density in children with rheumatic disorders: A review of current literature.
Childhood rheumatic diseases are associated with negative impacts on the skeleton, related to both the underlying illness and complications of therapy. The effects of medications like corticosteroids are well recognized, leading to reductions in bone mineral density and bone strength and concomitant increases in bone fragility and fracture risk. The impact of factors directly attributable to the underlying disease is not as well recognized. ⋯ These data are strongest for juvenile arthritis, while conclusions are more limited for other rheumatic illnesses, like juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus or juvenile dermatomyositis, due to small numbers of patients studied. Finally, we make recommendations for areas in need of further research. These include the need for long-term longitudinal studies and for data to be collected in patients who have not been treated with corticosteroids.
-
Semin. Arthritis Rheum. · Aug 2016
The association of distal femur and proximal tibia shape with sex: The Osteoarthritis Initiative.
Risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is much higher in women than in men. Previous studies have shown that bone shape is a risk factor for knee OA. However, few studies have examined whether knee bone shape differs between men and women. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are differences between men and women in knee bone shape. ⋯ The shapes of the distal femur and proximal tibia that form the knee joint differ by sex. Additional analyses are warranted to assess whether the difference in risk of OA between the sexes arises from bone shape differences.