Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1993
Intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia--sensory changes, side effects, and fetal heart rate changes.
This study was designed to evaluate intrathecal (IT) sufentanil for labor analgesia with respect to sensory changes, side effects, and fetal heart rate (FHR) changes. In Phase I of the study, data regarding duration of analgesia and hemodynamic changes were obtained retrospectively from the labor and anesthetic records of 90 patients who had received IT sufentanil, 10 micrograms in 1 mL of saline, during active labor. In Phase II, an additional 18 parturients who received similar treatment were studied prospectively to document sensory, motor, and hemodynamic changes, as well as the incidence of side effects. ⋯ Hypotension (systolic blood pressure [BP] < or = 90 mm Hg or > 20% decrease in systolic BP) occurred in 14% and 11% of patients in Phase I and II, respectively. Perineal itching preceded analgesia in 95% of patients and all subjects experienced mild sedation. FHR changes occurred in 15% of cases but were not associated with adverse neonatal outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1993
Airway management for patients with penetrating neck trauma: a retrospective study.
Airway management in patients with penetrating neck trauma is controversial. We reviewed the records of 107 patients with penetrating neck trauma from 1989 through 1991 for primary intubation technique, mechanism of injury, zone of injury, and structures injured. Six patients (6%) received a surgical airway as the primary choice, 89 (83%) had direct laryngoscopies after rapid sequence induction of anesthesia, eight (7%) had awake fiberoptic bronchoscopies, and four (4%) had awake blind nasotracheal intubation. ⋯ A second patient died as a result of hemorrhage not related to airway management. Success rates were not statistically different with any of the four airway management techniques chosen primarily. However, the one death in the awake nasal intubation group and the technical and time constraints of fiberoptic intubation cause us to prefer rapid sequence induction of anesthesia with direct laryngoscopy or a primary surgical airway in patients with penetrating neck trauma who need an emergency airway.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntrathecal sufentanil labor analgesia: the effects of adding morphine or epinephrine.
Intrathecal opioids can provide labor analgesia. We attempted to prolong the duration of intrathecal sufentanil analgesia by adding epinephrine or morphine. Forty-one healthy, term nulliparae with cervical dilation < 5 cm participated in this double-blind, randomized protocol. ⋯ Both morphine and epinephrine prolonged the duration of sufentanil analgesia. Only morphine prolonged analgesia after the first dose of epidural bupivacaine. However, because women in the morphine group experienced significantly more side effects throughout the study period, we do not recommend intrathecal morphine for labor analgesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialIncremental dosing versus single-dose spinal anesthesia and hemodynamic stability.
We compared the hemodynamic stability after spinal anesthesia with two different dosing regimens in the elderly. Fifty patients, all older than 60 yr and scheduled for elective knee or hip surgery were assigned to two groups. After administration of 10 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's solution (RL) intravenously (i.v.) in the first group, we performed a continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) by means of a 28-gauge catheter through which repetitive injections of 2.5-5 mg of plain bupivacaine 0.5% were given. ⋯ In the SS group more fluid was needed (792 vs 388 ml) than in the CSA group (P < 0.01). Moreover, more patients of the SS group (11 vs 4) required ephedrine (P < 0.05). We conclude that CSA produces reliable and predictable analgesia for lower limb surgery with less need for correction of hemodynamic changes compared to SS.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1993
Comparative StudyPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rocuronium (Org 9426) in elderly surgical patients.
The effects of age on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to rocuronium (Org 9426) were studied in 20 elderly (> 70 yr) and 20 younger control patients (< 60 yr) during N2O/O2, fentanyl anesthesia. The onset times were the same for both the elderly and younger control group, but the duration of action of rocuronium was significantly prolonged in the elderly patients. Elderly patients, when compared with the younger, also exhibited a significant decrease in plasma clearance (3.67 +/- 1.0 vs 5.03 +/- 1.5 mL.kg-1.min-1, mean +/- SD) and volume of distribution (399 +/- 122 vs 553 +/- 279 mL/kg, mean +/- SD). ⋯ The differences in action of rocuronium between the elderly and younger groups can be fully explained by the observed differences in the distribution and elimination of rocuronium between the two groups. The decreased total body water and decreased liver mass which normally accompany aging are likely explanations for the pharmacokinetic changes found in the elderly in this study. We conclude that the action of rocuronium is prolonged in patients aged more than 70 yr because of decreased elimination of the drug.