Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe effects of solution concentration and epinephrine on lateral distribution of hyperbaric tetracaine spinal anesthesia.
In a search of a differential spinal block between dependent and nondependent sides, we investigated whether the use of a larger concentration of hyperbaric tetracaine (T) and/or the omission of epinephrine (E) would provide differential spread in patients left for 15 min in the lateral decubitus position. Spinal anesthesia was performed in the lateral decubitus position with the operated side dependent in 60 patients scheduled for lower limb surgery. All patients remained lateral for 15 min after spinal injection before being turned supine. ⋯ A comparable number of patients in all groups showed unilateral motor block: four in T 0.5% + E, two in T 1% + E, four in T 0.5%, and five in T 1%. Likewise, a comparable number of patients in all groups showed a prolonged duration of sensory and motor block, respectively: six and eight in T 0.5% + E, six and nine in T 1% + E, six and eight in T 0.5%, and seven and seven in T 1%. In conclusion, although a preferential distribution of hyperbaric T toward the dependent side in patients of all four groups was noticed, the use of a larger concentration of T, omission of E, or combination of these two factors did not provide a more marked differential spread when compared to the standard solution of T 0.5% + E.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
The efficacy of axillary block for surgical procedures about the elbow.
Surgical procedures to the distal humerus, elbow, and proximal ulna and radius are ideally suited to regional techniques. However, axillary block is usually not recommended for surgery about the elbow because blockade at this level may result in inadequate block of the terminal nerves that arise from the medial, posterior, and lateral cords, and provide sensory innervation to the upper arm. This study reports the success rates for interscalene, supraclavicular, and axillary blocks for surgery about the elbow. ⋯ In addition, axillary blocks performed with mepivacaine had a higher success rate (93%) than those performed with bupivacaine (81%) (P < 0.01). There were no patients with perioperative respiratory compromise. These results demonstrate that the axillary approach to the brachial plexus may be successfully used for surgical procedures about the elbow.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation during electroconvulsive therapy: monitoring by near-infrared spectrophotometry.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) increases neuronal energy consumption and alters systemic hemodynamics. We examined the effects of ECT on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo2) using a near-infrared spectro-photometer. ⋯ A close correlation was demonstrated between the increase in rSo2 and the mean blood pressure after the electrical shock (r2 = 0.832, P < 0.0001). We conclude that ECT initially may increase cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen more than cerebral blood flow and that rapidly increasing blood pressure transiently may overwhelm cerebral pressure autoregulation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Letter Case ReportsDifficult intubation: a case of "gone with the wind".
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAwakening, clinical recovery, and psychomotor effects after desflurane and propofol anesthesia.
We compared postanesthetic and residual recovery of desflurane versus propofol anesthesia. Twenty volunteers were anesthetized for 1 h at 1-wk intervals with either propofol (induction) plus desflurane (1.25 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration) in O2 (PD), propofol plus desflurane in N2O-O2 (PDN), propofol plus propofol infusion with N2O-O2 (PPN), or desflurane (induction) plus desflurane in O2 (DD). Awakening and clinical recovery were measured. ⋯ At 1 h after anesthesia, the subjects given desflurane for maintenance (PD, PDN, and DD) performed significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) better in several psychomotor tests compared with those whose anesthesia was maintained with propofol (PPN). However, subjects met criteria for home readiness as fast after PPN as after PDN anesthesia (mean times +/- SE until fitness for discharge were 126 +/- 20, 81 +/- 14, 70 +/- 7, and 106 +/- 14 min after PD, PDN, PPN, and DD, respectively). Awakening and early psychomotor recovery for as long as 1 h after anesthesia is faster after desflurane than after propofol, but there was no difference in time to home readiness or in residual effects thereafter between propofol and desflurane with N2O in O2.