Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2004
Clinical TrialAn evaluation of a noninvasive cardiac output measurement using partial carbon dioxide rebreathing in children.
Cardiac output (CO) is an important hemodynamic measure that helps to guide the therapy of critically ill patients. Invasive CO assessment in infants and children is often avoided because of the inherent risks. A noninvasive CO monitor that uses partial rebreathing has been recently developed to determine CO via the Fick principle for carbon dioxide. ⋯ Cardiac index measurements demonstrated a decreased r value of 0.67 (P = 0.15) and a bias of -0.18 L . min(-1) . m(-2) and precision of +/-2.13 L . min(-1) . m(-2). Differences between partial rebreathing measurements and thermodilution measurements were largest in children with a body surface area of 0.6 m(2) body surface area and >300 mL tidal volume.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe postoperative blood-sparing efficacy of oral versus intravenous tranexamic acid after total knee replacement.
To assess the blood-sparing efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) administered orally or via a variable IV infusion, 80 healthy patients undergoing elective total knee replacement were studied according to a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded study design. Patients were allocated to one of four treatment groups. In group TA-long, 30 min before deflation of the limb tourniquet, an IV bolus dose of TA 15 mg/kg was administered over 30 min. ⋯ In the control group, TA was not administered. At patient discharge, postoperative allogeneic blood administration was significantly more in group Control when compared with each of the three TA treatment groups. Because oral drug administration is simple and does not require specific infusion equipment, the authors suggest that oral TA is a superior blood-sparing strategy compared with IV drug administration.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe use of high-fidelity human patient simulation and the introduction of new anesthesia delivery systems.
New anesthesia delivery systems are becoming increasingly complex. Although equipment is involved in a large proportion of intraoperative anesthesia problems (most also involving human error), the current methods of introducing new equipment into clinical practice have not been well studied. We designed a randomized, controlled, prospective study to investigate an alternative method of introducing new anesthesia equipment. ⋯ Performance was analyzed in terms of time to resolve the emergency, by using analysis of videos by an independent rater. Group 1 resolved both crises significantly faster. HPS allowed us to detect design features that were common sources of error.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2004
Ventricular fibrillation median frequency may not be useful for monitoring during cardiac arrest treated with endothelin-1 or epinephrine.
In this study, we evaluated whether median fibrillation frequency (MF) and mean fibrillation amplitude (AMP) reflect coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP) and predict successful defibrillation. MF, AMP, and CoPP were measured during prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pigs. After 5 min of VF, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started. ⋯ In a nonparametric spectral analysis of the individual MF versus CoPP and AMP versus CoPP curves, we found no link between the different curves in different animals or therapies. No difference was found in MF in pigs with ROSC (n = 8) compared with animals not achieving ROSC (n = 23) immediately before defibrillation (P = 0.85). Our data suggest that, in prolonged VF cardiac arrest, MF and AMP might not be useful tools to reflect myocardial perfusion.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2004
Case ReportsThe anterior jugular venous system: variability and clinical impact.
The anterior jugular venous system, with its interconnections to the subclavian and deep jugular veins, provides a collateral venous network across the midline of the neck area, which is especially important in unilateral occlusion of an innominate vein. We illustrate the variability of this system and its clinical impact on catheterization by three cases of landmark-guided central venous cannulation. Case 1: Cannulation of the left internal jugular vein with a central venous catheter and of the left innominate vein (LIV) with a pulmonary artery catheter resulted in correctly positioned catheter tips. ⋯ We describe the normal anatomy of the anterior jugular venous system and its role as a major collateral. Correct placement of central venous catheters may be possible via the anterior jugular venous system. Conversely, central venous catheters malpositioned in the anterior jugular vein can increase the risk for complications and should be removed.