Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2008
Dynamic tight glycemic control during and after cardiac surgery is effective, feasible, and safe.
Tight blood glucose control reduces mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients, but intraoperative glucose control during cardiac surgery is often difficult, and risks hypoglycemia. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a nurse-driven insulin protocol (the Aalst Glycemia Insulin Protocol) for achieving a target glucose level of 80-110 mg/dL during cardiac surgery and in the intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ The Aalst Glycemia Insulin Protocol is effective for maintaining tight perioperative blood glucose control during cardiac surgery with minimal risk of hypoglycemia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2008
Postoperative hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
The increased incidence of morbid obesity has resulted in an increase of bariatric surgical procedures. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a commonly encountered comorbidity in morbidly obese patients. Sedatives, analgesics, and anesthetics alter airway tone, and airway obstruction and death have been reported in patients with OSA after minimal doses of sedatives and anesthetics, yet there is a lack of consensus regarding the care of these patients. In this study, we sought to determine whether obese patients with polysomnography-confirmed diagnosis of OSA were at significantly greater risk for postoperative hypoxemic episodes in the first 24 h after laparoscopic bariatric surgery than morbidly obese patients without a diagnosis of OSA. ⋯ In morbidly obese subjects, in the first 24 h after laparoscopic bariatric surgery, OSA does not seem to increase the risk of postoperative hypoxemia. Our data confirm that morbidly obese subjects, with or without OSA, experience frequent oxygen desaturation episodes postoperatively, despite supplemental oxygen therapy suggesting that perioperative management strategies in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery should include measures to prevent postoperative hypoxemia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialTreatment of acute postoperative hypertension in cardiac surgery patients: an efficacy study of clevidipine assessing its postoperative antihypertensive effect in cardiac surgery-2 (ESCAPE-2), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Acute postoperative hypertension is a well-known complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with postoperative morbidity. Clevidipine, an ultrashort-acting, third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, exerts vascular-selective, arterial-specific vasodilation to decrease arterial blood pressure without negatively impacting cardiac function. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we examined the efficacy and safety of clevidipine in treating postoperative hypertension in cardiac surgery patients. ⋯ Clevidipine is effective and safe in the rapid treatment of acute postoperative hypertension after cardiac surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialIntraarticular tramadol-bupivacaine combination prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia after outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery.
Intraarticular (IA) local anesthetics are often used for the management and prevention of pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. Recently, IA tramadol was also used for the management of these patients. However, the IA combination of local anesthetic and tramadol has not been evaluated in arthroscopic outpatients. Our primary aim in this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of an IA combination of bupivacaine and tramadol when compared with each drug alone using visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in patients undergoing day-care arthroscopic knee surgery. Additionally, we assessed analgesic demand. ⋯ The IA admixture of tramadol 100 mg with bupivacaine 0.25% provides a pronounced prolongation of analgesia compared with either drug alone in patients undergoing day care arthroscopic knee surgery.