Anesthesia and analgesia
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialEpidural ropivacaine concentrations for intraoperative analgesia during major upper abdominal surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
The postoperative beneficial effects of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) within various clinical pathways are well documented. However, intraoperative data are lacking on the effect of different epidurally administered concentrations of local anesthetics on inhaled anesthetic, fluid and vasopressor requirement, and hemodynamic changes. We performed this study among patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery under combined TEA and general anesthesia. ⋯ Epidural administration of 0.5% ropivacaine leads to a more pronounced sparing effect on desflurane concentration for an adequate anesthetic depth when compared with a 0.2% concentration of ropivacaine at comparable levels of vasopressor support and i.v. fluid requirement.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialDoes infusion of colloid influence the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after elective surgery in women?
The impact of the type of fluid on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is not well defined. In this study we investigated the effects of colloids or crystalloids on PONV when given in addition to a background minimal crystalloid infusion in a female population of surgical patients. ⋯ In surgical procedures with minimal blood loss and minimal fluid shifts, the type of fluid replacement administered (colloid vs 0.9% normal saline) has minimal effect on the incidence of PONV.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyDoes ultrasound guidance improve the success rate of infraclavicular brachial plexus block when compared with nerve stimulation in children with radial club hands?
The classical response to nerve stimulation may be altered in cases of radial club hand. Ultrasound guidance may prove to be a useful tool in such situations. In this study, we compared the success rate of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block with nerve stimulation for children undergoing radial club hand repair. ⋯ Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block improves the success rate in patients with radial club hands when compared with nerve stimulation in patients undergoing radial club hand correction.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialThe efficacy of intrathecal morphine with or without clonidine for postoperative analgesia after radical prostatectomy.
In this randomized study, we compared intrathecal (i.t.) morphine with or without clonidine and i.v. postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine for analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy. ⋯ IT morphine provided a significant reduction in morphine requirement during the first 48 postoperative hours after a radical prostatectomy. The addition of clonidine to i.t. morphine reduced intraoperative sufentanil use, prolonged time until first request for PCA rescue, and further prolonged analgesia at rest and with coughing.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialLidocaine patch for postoperative analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive a lidocaine patch or placebo applied on each side of the wound at the end of surgery. Data were collected for 24 h after surgery. ⋯ Demographics and postoperative morphine consumption were not different between the groups. However, the lidocaine patch group reported significantly less pain on coughing (19%-33% reduction) over all time periods (treatment vs placebo P < 0.0001, time x treatment P = 0.3056) and at rest (17%-32% reduction) for up to 6 h (treatment vs placebo P = 0.0003, time x treatment P = 0.0130).