Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2014
Comparative StudyAn Analysis of Anesthesia-Controlled Operating Room Time After Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia Compared with Desflurane Anesthesia in Ophthalmic Surgery: A Retrospective Study.
Anesthetic techniques can contribute to reduction of anesthesia-controlled time to improve operating room (OR) efficiency. However, little is known about the difference in anesthesia-controlled time between propofol-based total IV anesthesia (TIVA) and desflurane anesthesia (DES) techniques for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia. ⋯ In our hospital, the use of TIVA reduced the mean time to extubation by at least 9% and PACU stay time by more than 1% when compared with the use of DES anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2014
Glucose May Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Caspase-3 Activation in H4 Human Neuroglioma Cells.
The commonly used inhaled anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase-3 activation. However, the underlying mechanism(s) and targeted intervention(s) remain largely to be determined. Isoflurane may induce caspase-3 activation via causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Therefore, we performed a hypothesis-generation study to determine whether glucose could attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP reduction in cultured cells. ⋯ Pending further studies, these results suggested that glucose might attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation through a mitochondria-independent reduction in ROS levels and enhancement in ATP levels. These findings have established a system and suggest that it is worth performing more research to further investigate whether glucose can attenuate anesthesia neurotoxicity.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2014
Observational StudyPerformance of Masimo Rainbow Acoustic Monitoring for Tracking Changing Respiratory Rates Under Laryngeal Mask Airway General Anesthesia for Surgical Procedures in the Operating Room: A Prospective Observational Study.
Accurate monitoring of respiratory rate may be useful for the early detection of patient deterioration. Monitoring of respiratory rate in the operating room under general anesthesia by spirometry is technically straightforward and demonstrates high fidelity. Accurate measurement of the respiratory rate of an unattended patient outside the operating room is fraught with challenges. Monitors such as capnometry and thoracic impedance pneumography have significant drawbacks. Respiratory acoustic monitoring (RRa™) is a new technology for respiratory rate monitoring, which has been demonstrated to provide accurate respiratory rates in patients recovering from anesthesia, but the performance of this RRa-enabled monitor under conditions of major respiratory rate variation has not been evaluated. ⋯ The data demonstrate that, under conditions of general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway and spontaneous ventilation, the RRa rapidly detects changes in respiratory rate, demonstrates minimal bias, and when errors in rate occur, these do not persist. The utility of this monitoring technology in detecting rate changes in unattended patients will require further study.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2014
Comparative StudyIsoflurane but Not Sevoflurane or Desflurane Aggravates Injury to Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo via p75NTR-NF-ĸB Activation.
General anesthesia in patients with or at risk for neuronal injury remains challenging due to the controversial influence of volatile anesthetics on neuronal damage. We hypothesized that isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane would exert variable degrees of neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo via activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75). ⋯ Isoflurane but not sevoflurane or desflurane postexposure aggravates neurotoxicity in preinjured neurons via activation of p75 and NF-κB. These findings may have implications for the choice of volatile anesthetic being used in patients with or at risk for neuronal injury, specifically in patients with a stroke or history of stroke and in surgical procedures in which neuronal injury is likely to occur, such as cardiac surgery and neurovascular interventions.