Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2015
The Effect of Progestins on Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity and Gene Expression in Human Primary Amnion and Chorion Cells In Vitro.
Current treatment modalities for preventing preterm premature rupture of membranes are limited, but progestins may play a role. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression and activity in fetal membranes, contributing to membrane weakening and rupture. We previously demonstrated that progestins attenuate TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity in a cytotrophoblast cell line. However, whether they have a similar effect in primary amnion and chorion cells of fetal membranes is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of progestins on basal and TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity and gene expression in primary chorion and amnion cells harvested from the fetal membranes of term nonlaboring patients. ⋯ The inhibitory effect of MPA on both basal and TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity and gene expression in primary amnion cells demonstrate a possible mechanism by which progestins may prevent fetal membrane weakening leading to preterm premature rupture of membranes.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2015
Editorial CommentSingle-shot interscalene block: light and shadows.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2015
Comparative StudyAlphaxalone Reformulated: A Water-Soluble Intravenous Anesthetic Preparation in Sulfobutyl-Ether-β-Cyclodextrin.
Alphaxalone may be solubilized in a sulfobutyl-cyclodextrin with potency comparable to both propofol and the historical Cremophor EL preparation, but with a better safety margin than either.
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