Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2015
ReviewAnesthetic Implications of Ebola Patient Management: A Review of the Literature and Policies.
As of mid-October 2014, the ongoing Ebola epidemic in Western Africa has affected approximately 10,000 patients, approached a 50% mortality rate, and crossed political and geographic borders without precedent. The disease has spread throughout Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. Isolated cases have arrived in urban centers in Europe and North America. ⋯ Anesthesia-specific literature regarding the care of Ebola patients is very limited. Secondary-source guidelines and policies represent the majority of available information. Data from controlled animal experiments and tuberculosis patient research provide some evidence for the existing recommendations and identify future guideline considerations.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2015
Pulmonary Impedance and Pulmonary Doppler Trace in the Perioperative Period.
Pulmonary hypertension and associated vascular changes may frequently accompany left-sided heart disease in the adult cardiac surgical population. Perioperative assessment of right ventricular function using echocardiography is well established. In general, understanding the constraints upon which the right ventricle must work is mostly limited to invasive monitoring consisting of pulmonary artery pressures, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance. ⋯ The measurement of acceleration time, the time from onset to peak flow velocity is an indicator of constraint to ejection; shortened times have been associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure. Understanding the changes in the pulmonary arterial system in disease and the physics of the hemodynamic alterations are essential in interpreting pulmonary artery Doppler data. Analyzing pulmonary artery Doppler flow signals may assist in the evaluation of right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary vascular disease.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2015
Multicenter StudyAssociations Between Age and Dosing of Volatile Anesthetics in 2 Academic Hospitals.
The inverse relationship between age and dose requirement for potent volatile anesthetics is well established, but the question of whether anesthetic providers consider this relationship in practice remains unanswered. We sought to determine whether there is an association between patient age and the mean dose of volatile anesthetic delivered during maintenance of anesthesia. ⋯ Increasing age is associated with decreased absolute doses of potent volatile anesthetics, an association that seems to strengthen as patients enter the geriatric age range. The observed decreases in absolute anesthetic dose were less than those predicted by previous research and therefore represent an overall increase in "age-adjusted dose" as patients grow older.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialVideo Distraction and Parental Presence for the Management of Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Behavioral Disturbance in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The anxiolytic efficacy of video watching, in the absence of parents, during the mask induction of anesthesia in young children with high separation anxiety has not been clearly established. We performed this study to determine whether the effect of video distraction on alleviating preoperative anxiety is independent of parental presence and whether a combination of both interventions is more effective than either single intervention in alleviating preoperative anxiety and postoperative behavioral disturbance in preschool children. ⋯ Video distraction, parental presence, or their combination showed similar effects on preoperative anxiety during inhaled induction of anesthesia and postoperative behavioral outcomes in preschool children having surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2015
Comparative Study Observational StudyA Prospective Observational Comparison Between Arm and Wrist Blood Pressure During Scheduled Cesarean Delivery.
Shivering is common during cesarean delivery (CD) under neuraxial anesthesia and may disrupt the measurement of noninvasive blood pressure (BP). BP measured at the wrist may be less affected by shivering. There have been no studies comparing trends in BP measured on the upper arm and wrist. We hypothesized that wrist systolic blood pressure (sBP) would accurately trend with upper arm sBP measurements (agree within a limit of ±10%) in parturients undergoing elective CD under spinal anesthesia or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. ⋯ The wrist measurement overestimated the reading relative to the upper arm measurement for multiple measurements over time. However, when the time series for each subject was examined for percentage change from baseline, the 2 methods mirrored each other in most cases. Nevertheless, our hypothesis was rejected as the limits of agreement were higher than ±10%. This finding suggests that wrist BP may not be an accurate method of detecting hypotension or hypertension during spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for CD.