Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2019
Meta AnalysisIntravenous Lidocaine for the Prevention of Cough: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Perioperative intravenous lidocaine prevents intubation, extubation and opioid-induced cough in adults and children in a dose-dependent fashion.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2019
Meta AnalysisSystematic Review and Meta-analysis of Virtual Reality in Pediatrics: Effects on Pain and Anxiety.
Medical procedures often evoke pain and anxiety in pediatric patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a relatively new intervention that can be used to provide distraction during, or to prepare patients for, medical procedures. This meta-analysis is the first to collate evidence on the effectiveness of VR on reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing medical procedures. ⋯ VR research in pediatrics has mainly focused on distraction. Large effect sizes indicate that VR is an effective distraction intervention to reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing a wide variety of medical procedures. However, further research on the effect of VR exposure as a preparation tool for medical procedures is needed because of the paucity of research into this field.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2019
Intraoperative Awareness With Recall: A Descriptive, Survey-Based, Cohort Study.
Unintended intraoperative awareness with recall (AWR) is a potential complication of general anesthesia. Patients typically report recollections of (1) hearing sounds or conversations, (2) being unable to breathe or move, (3), feeling pain, and/or (4) experiencing emotional distress. The purpose of the current study was to identify and further characterize AWR experiences identified through postoperative surveys of a large unselected adult surgical cohort. ⋯ The complication of AWR continues to occur during intended general anesthesia. Many reports of AWR episodes occur in patients receiving sedation or regional anesthesia and relate to incorrect expectations regarding anesthetic techniques and conscious experiences, representing a potential target for intervention.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2019
Comparative StudyIntravascular Cooling Device Versus Esophageal Heat Exchanger for Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia in an Experimental Setting.
Targeted temperature management is a standard therapy for unconscious survivors of cardiac arrest. To date, multiple cooling methods are available including invasive intravascular cooling devices (IVDs), which are widely used in the clinical setting. Recently, esophageal heat exchangers (EHEs) have been developed providing cooling via the esophagus that is located close to the aorta and inferior vena cava. The objective was to compare mean cooling rates, as well as differences, to target temperature during maintenance and the rewarming period of IVD and EHE. ⋯ After insertion, target temperatures could be reached faster by IVD compared to EHE. Cooling performance of IVD and EHE did not significantly differ in maintaining target temperature during a targeted temperature management process and in active rewarming protocols according to intensive care unit guidelines in this experimental setting.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2019
Voluntary Exercise Rescues the Spatial Memory Deficit Associated With Early Life Isoflurane Exposure in Male Rats.
Early life anesthesia exposure results in long-term cognitive deficits in rats. Environmental enrichment consisting of social housing, a stimulating environment, and voluntary exercise can rescue this deficit. We hypothesized that exercise alone is sufficient to rescue the cognitive deficit associated with perinatal anesthesia. ⋯ Exercise restores BrdU incorporation and rescues a spatial memory deficit after early life anesthesia exposure. This demonstrates sufficiency of exercise alone in the context of environmental enrichment to recover a behavioral phenotype after a perinatal insult.