Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2022
Future of Perioperative Precision Medicine: Integration of Molecular Science, Dynamic Health Care Informatics, and Implementation of Predictive Pathways in Real Time.
Conceptually, precision medicine is a deep dive to discover disease origin at the molecular or genetic level, thus providing insights that allow clinicians to design corresponding individualized patient therapies. We know that a disease state is created by not only certain molecular derangements but also a biologic milieu promoting the expression of such derangements. These factors together lead to manifested symptoms. ⋯ Precision medicine is gaining ground with the help of personalized health recorders and personal devices that identify disease mechanics, patient-reported outcomes, adverse drug reactions, and drug-drug interaction at the individual level in a closed-loop feedback system. This phenomenon is especially true given increasing surgeries in older adults, many of whom are on multiple medications and varyingly frail. In this era of precision medicine, to provide a comprehensive remedy, the perioperative surgical home must expand, incorporating not only clinicians but also basic science experts and data scientists.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2022
The Association Between Angiotensin II and Renin Kinetics in Patients After Cardiac Surgery.
Hyperreninemia after cardiac surgery is associated with cardiovascular instability. Angiotensin II (AT-II) could potentially attenuate hyperreninemia while maintaining target blood pressure. This study assesses the association between AT-II usage and renin levels in cardiac surgery patients with postoperative hyperreninemia and vasoplegia. ⋯ In cardiac surgery patients with hypotonia and postoperative high Δ-renin levels, AT-II was associated with reduced renin plasma levels for at 12 hours and significantly decreased norepinephrine use, while norepinephrine alone was associated with increased renin levels. Further studies of AT-II in cardiac surgery appear justified.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2022
The First Derivative of the Electroencephalogram Facilitates Tracking of Electroencephalographic Alpha Band Activity During General Anesthesia.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring can help to navigate anesthesia. Pronounced alpha oscillations in the frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) appear to predict favorable perioperative neurocognitive outcomes and may also provide a measure of intraoperative antinociception. Monitoring the presence and strength of these alpha oscillations can be challenging, especially in elderly patients, because the EEG in these patients may be dominated by oscillations in other frequencies. Hence, the information regarding alpha oscillatory activity may be hidden and hard to visualize on a screen. Therefore, we developed an effective approach to improve the detection and presentation of alpha activity in the perioperative setting. ⋯ We demonstrated that the calculation of the diffPSD from the time-discrete derivative of the intraoperative frontal EEG is a straightforward approach to improve the detection of alpha activity by eliminating the broadband background noise. This improvement in alpha peak detection and visualization could facilitate the guidance of general anesthesia and improve patient outcome.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2022
Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of Perioperative Opioid Educational Initiatives: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Opioids are the most commonly prescribed analgesics in the United States. Current guidelines have proposed education initiatives to reduce the risk of chronic opioid consumption, yet there is lack of efficacy data on such interventions. Our study evaluates the impact of perioperative opioid education on postoperative opioid consumption patterns including opioid cessation, number of pills consumed, and opioid prescription refills. ⋯ Perioperative educational interventions reduced the number of opioid pills consumed at 15 days but did not demonstrate a significant effect on opioid cessation or opioid refills at 15 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months. Further randomized trials should focus on evidence-based educational interventions with strict homogeneity of material to draw a more definitive recommendation.