Cancer research
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Both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2-selective inhibitors such as celecoxib are being reported as having potent anticancer activity in laboratory models. Several reports have suggested that the mechanism of action of these agents in reducing tumor volume/burden is unrelated to their inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Many in vitro reports use supraphysiological concentrations of these drugs to demonstrate COX-independent activities on apoptosis or proliferation. ⋯ Celecoxib-treated tumors showed reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of both tumor and stromal cells compared with vehicle controls. Specific inhibition of PGE2 activity by a neutralizing antibody mimicked the reduced tumor growth observed after celecoxib treatment, suggesting growth is PGE2 mediated. These data indicate that a major antitumor mechanism of action of celecoxib is inhibition of COX-2-derived prostaglandins, particularly PGE2, and suggest celecoxib as a novel therapeutic agent for human head and neck cancer.
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The regulation of biological functions including cell growth, viability, migration, and adhesion of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells depends largely on the autocrine or paracrine stimulation of growth factor receptors and chemokine receptors. Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-Kit have been identified as important regulators of SCLC viability and are coexpressed in approximately 40-70% of SCLC specimens. In vitro, the inhibition of c-Kit tyrosine kinase activity by the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 (Gleevec) abrogates cell growth. ⋯ In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, prevented these cells from adhering and completely blocked SCF- and/or SDF-1alpha-induced Akt or p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that the CXCR4 receptor is functionally expressed in SCLC cells and may, therefore, be involved in the pathogenesis of SCLC in vivo. Inhibition of both the CXCR4 and the c-Kit downstream events could be a promising therapeutic approach in SCLC.
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The major mechanism of action of STI571 is a competitive interference with the ATP-binding site of the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase. In the BCR/ABL-positive cell line KBM5, we studied cellular events associated with the in vitro acquisition of resistance to STI571. The emergence of the STI571-resistant phenotype was accompanied by only a marginal increase in the number of copies of the BCR/ABL gene and its level of expression. ⋯ The contribution of this mutation to STI571-resistant phenotype remains unknown. Preliminary data showing partial reversibility of resistance in these cells suggest that resistance may be multifactorial. No other mutations were identified in the kinase domain of the BCR/ABL gene.