The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists
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Depending upon which TLRs are triggered, dendritic cells (DCs) may orient the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells toward either Th1, Th2, regulatory T cells, or the recently defined Th17 lineage. In this study, we report that a dual stimulation of TLR4 and TLR7/8 with LPS plus R848 leads human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) to produce multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23. ⋯ Collectively, our results illustrate the synergy between TLR4 and TLR7/8 in controlling the sequential production of regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines by naive CD4(+) T cells. The observed polymorphism in DC responses to such TLR-mediated stimuli could explain differences in the susceptibility to infectious pathogens or autoimmune diseases within the human population.