Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Sep 1994
Review Case ReportsBehavioral treatment of phobic avoidance in multiple chemical sensitivity.
The clinical ecology model of environmental illness, or multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), and particularly the theoretical assumptions, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic recommendations promulgated by clinical ecologists are reviewed. No scientific evidence is found for their claims. MCS is conceptualized, instead, as a phobic disorder explicable in terms of the two-factor model of avoidance. Three cases of MCS are discussed in light of this model, and a comprehensive behavioral treatment package that includes biofeedback-assisted in vivo desensitization and cognitive restructuring is proposed.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Sep 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEye movement desensitization: a partial dismantling study.
Twenty-three PTSD subjects were exposed to either: (1) standard eye movement desensitization (EMD), (2) a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, or (3) a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All three interventions produced significant positive changes in all dependent measures and these changes were maintained at follow-up. ⋯ It was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not essential to treatment outcome. The implications of the present findings and previous reports are discussed and recommendations for future research provided.