Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jul 1998
Multicenter StudyBrain injury as a result of violence: preliminary findings from the traumatic brain injury model systems.
To identify possible risk factors that may predispose individuals to violent traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine the effect of etiology of injury on outcomes. ⋯ Survivors of violent and nonviolent TBI have similar functional outcomes; however, they differ in preinjury and postinjury socio-economic characteristics, injury severity, and postinjury community integration. Socio-economic factors appear to play a large role in the risk for violent injury and in community integration following injury.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jul 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialRehabilitation of patients admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit.
Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to be of benefit to clinically stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examined the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on some physiologic variables in COPD patients recovering from an episode of acute respiratory failure. ⋯ COPD patients who were admitted to a RICU in critical condition after an episode of acute respiratory failure and who, in most cases, required mechanical ventilation benefited from comprehensive early pulmonary rehabilitation, compared with patients who received standard medical therapy and progressive ambulation.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jul 1998
ReviewPathophysiologic and electrophysiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points.
To review recent clinical and basic science studies on myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) to facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of an MTrP. ⋯ The pathogenesis of an MTrP appears to be related to integrative mechanisms in the spinal cord in response to sensitized nerve fibers associated with abnormal endplates.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jul 1998
Venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities in response to electrical stimulation.
To evaluate the calf muscle pump function using an air plethysmograph (APG) applied to the lower leg of subjects during three different tiptoe exercises. ⋯ Periodic single ES-induced calf muscle contractions produced significant muscle pump function and could be used to improve venous blood flow and reduce stasis in the lower leg. Continuous ES-induced contractions, on the other hand, could improve lower leg peripheral perfusion while eliciting the physiologic venous muscle pump. Higher RV and RVF after 10 ES-induced contractions in this sample of healthy subjects with normal VFI may be caused by an increase in arterial blood perfusion after repeated ES-induced contractions.
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To determine what percentage of patients have none of the five nonorganic behavioral processes known as Waddell signs, and the relational pattern between Waddell signs and somatic complaints, disturbed functional performance, negative treatment attitudes, physical pathology, depression, generalized anxiety, and MMPI-2 validity scales. ⋯ Taken together, multiple Waddell signs and some of their correlates present various factors that might interfere with optimal response to treatment.