Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jun 2017
Multicenter Study Observational StudyPrevalence and Effect of Problematic Spasticity After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.
To evaluate the prevalence and effect of spasticity after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). ⋯ Spasticity is a highly prevalent secondary consequence of SCI, particularly in patients with severe motor incomplete cervicothoracic injuries. It is problematic in one third of all patients with SCI up to 5 years postinjury. One in 5 patients will have ongoing functional limitations related to spasticity, highlighting the importance of close community follow-up and the need for further research into spasticity management strategies.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jun 2017
Observational StudyResilience Mediates the Longitudinal Relationships Between Social Support and Mental Health Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis.
To investigate the longitudinal relationships between social support and subsequent mental health outcomes in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to examine resilience as a mediator between social support and subsequent mental health outcomes in this population. ⋯ There are significant longitudinal relationships between social support, resilience, and mental health outcomes for people with MS. Given the mediating role of resilience in supporting better mental health outcomes, future clinical research and practice may benefit from an emphasis on resilience-focused psychological interventions.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jun 2017
Observational StudyResilience and Function in Adults With Physical Disabilities: An Observational Study.
To determine if resilience is uniquely associated with functional outcomes (satisfaction with social roles, physical functioning, and quality of life) in individuals with physical disabilities, after controlling for measures of psychological health (depression and anxiety) and symptom severity (pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance); and to examine the potential moderating effect of sex, age, and diagnosis on the hypothesized associations between resilience and function. ⋯ The findings extend past research, providing further evidence indicating that resilience plays a unique role in nonphysical functional outcomes among individuals with physical disabilities.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jun 2017
Effects of Overground Locomotor Training on Walking Performance in Chronic Cervical Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.
To determine the effects of a novel overground locomotor training program on walking performance in people with chronic cervical motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). ⋯ The overground locomotor training program used in this pilot study is feasible and improved both overground walking speed and walking economy in a small sample of people with chronic cervical iSCI. Future studies are necessary to establish the efficacy of this overground locomotor training program and to differentiate among potential mechanisms contributing to enhanced walking performance in people with iSCI after overground locomotor training.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jun 2017
Depression in Individuals With Traumatic and Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury Living in the Community.
To assess depression in a sample of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in the community, and to determine the prevalence of probable major depressive disorder (PMDD) among those with traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI) and those with nontraumatic spinal cord injury (NT-SCI). ⋯ PMDD appears to occur at a higher rate in individuals with NT-SCI, with greater symptom severity. The finding that problems with participation are directly associated with depression raises the need for specific treatment goals, with the aim of empowering individuals with SCI to reintegrate into the community. Potential stress factors (eg, environmental barriers, limited participation options) should be addressed accordingly.