Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialFactors related to caregiver strain in ALS: a longitudinal study.
To examine the longitudinal associations between caregiver strain and patients' clinical and psychosocial characteristics as well as caregivers' psychosocial characteristics. ⋯ Our study has identified that apart from the patient's physical disability and emotional well-being, a passive coping style of the caregiver, increased symptoms of anxiety and feeling less supported by the ALS-team impact on caregiver strain. The multidisciplinary teams involved with the care of patients with ALS need to be aware of these factors and increase their attention for the caregiver. This will help guide the development of evidence-based supportive interventions that focus on caregiver's coping style and avoiding distress.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2016
ReviewInduced pluripotent stem cells in Parkinson's disease: scientific and clinical challenges.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which greatly circumvent the ethical issue of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), can be induced to differentiate to dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and hence be used as a human disease model for Parkinson's disease (PD). iPSCs can be also utilised to probe the mechanism, and serve as an 'in vivo' platform for drug screening and for cell-replacement therapies. However, any clinical trial approaches should be extensively supported by validated robust biological evidence (based on previous experience with fetal mesencephalic transplantation), in particular, the production and selection of the 'ideal' neurons (functional units with no oncological risk), together with the careful screening of appropriate candidates (such as genetic carriers), with inbuilt safeguards (safety studies) in the evaluation and monitoring (functional neuroimaging of both DA and non-DA system) of trial subjects. While iPSCs hold great promise for PD, there are still numerous scientific and clinical challenges that need to be surmounted before any clinical application can be safely introduced.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2016
Meta AnalysisSusceptibility loci for sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation; a replication study and meta-analysis.
Case-control studies have reported multiple genetic loci to be associated with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) but most of these have not been replicated in independent populations. The aim of this study was to find additional evidence for these reported associations and perform a meta-analysis including all previously published results. ⋯ The results of this study support a role for the previously identified SNP near ANGPTL4 in the pathogenesis of AVMs. Previously found associations with SNPs near IL-1β, GPR124, VEGFA and MMP-3 genes could not be substantiated in our replication cohort or in the meta-analysis.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2016
A longitudinal study of cortical grey matter lesion subtypes in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis.
Cortical grey matter (GM) lesions are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about their temporal evolution. We investigated this in people with relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS. ⋯ New cortical GM lesions rarely arise from the WM and the rate of new IC lesion formation is not closely linked with WM lesion accrual. IC lesion formation appears to be more common in SPMS than RRMS.
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Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder associated with a wide range of psychiatric comorbidities. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the link between migraine and several comorbid psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. We present data on psychiatric risk factors for migraine chronification. ⋯ Finally, we provide an overview of the treatment considerations for treating migraine with psychiatric comorbidities. In conclusion, a review of the literature demonstrates the wide variety of psychiatric comorbidities with migraine. However, more research is needed to elucidate the neurocircuitry underlying the association between migraine and the comorbid psychiatric conditions and to determine the most effective treatment for migraine with psychiatric comorbidity.