Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of fingolimod on MRI outcomes in patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 PARADIGMS study.
PARADIGMS demonstrated superior efficacy and comparable safety of fingolimod versus interferon β-1a (IFN β-1a) in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS). This study aimed to report all predefined MRI outcomes from this study. ⋯ Fingolimod significantly reduced MRI activity and ARBA for up to 2 years versus IFN β-1a in PoMS.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2020
ReviewAnatomy and function of the fornix in the context of its potential as a therapeutic target.
The fornix is a white matter bundle located in the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres, which connects various nodes of a limbic circuitry and is believed to play a key role in cognition and episodic memory recall. As the most prevalent cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) dramatically impairs the quality of life of patients and imposes a significant societal burden on the healthcare system. As an established treatment for movement disorders, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for treatment of memory impairment in AD by modulating fornix activity. ⋯ Each pathway's target and origin structures are presented, followed by a discussion of their oscillatory dynamics and functional connectivity. Overall, neuromodulation of each pathway of the fornix is discussed in the context of evidence-based forniceal DBS strategies. It is not yet known whether driving fornix activity can enhance cognition-optimal target and stimulation parameters to rescue memory deficits have yet to be determined.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2020
Comparative Study Clinical TrialTwo-year regional grey and white matter volume changes with natalizumab and fingolimod.
To compare the efficacy of fingolimod and natalizumab in preventing regional grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over 2 years. ⋯ Natalizumab and fingolimod are associated with heterogeneous temporal and regional patterns of GM and WM atrophy progression. Compared with natalizumab, fingolimod-treated patients experience accelerated GM and WM atrophy in the cerebellum, while both drugs show minimal regional volumetric differences in supratentorial regions.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2020
Comparative StudyDifferentiating tic electrophysiology from voluntary movement in the human thalamocortical circuit.
Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly associated with involuntary movements, or tics. We currently lack an ideal animal model for Tourette syndrome. In humans, clinical manifestation of tics cannot be captured via functional imaging due to motion artefacts and limited temporal resolution, and electrophysiological studies have been limited to the intraoperative environment. The goal of this study was to identify electrophysiological signals in the centromedian (CM) thalamic nucleus and primary motor (M1) cortex that differentiate tics from voluntary movements. ⋯ We conclude that a human physiological signal was detected from the CM thalamus that differentiated tic from voluntary movement, and this physiological feature could potentially guide the development of neuromodulation therapies for Tourette syndrome that could use a closed-loop-based approach.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2020
Meta AnalysisClinical prognosis of FLAIR hyperintense arteries in ischaemic stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense arteries (FLAIR-HAs) on brain MRI and prognosis after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). ⋯ CRD42019131168.