Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Aug 2024
Multiple metal exposures associate with higher amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk and mortality independent of genetic risk and correlate to self-reported exposures: a case-control study.
The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves both genetic and environmental factors. This study investigates associations between metal measures in plasma and urine, ALS risk and survival and exposure sources. ⋯ Metals in plasma and urine associated with increased ALS risk and reduced survival, independent of genetic risk, and correlated with occupational and non-occupational metal exposures. These data underscore the significance of metal exposure in ALS risk and progression.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: a national Swedish registry study on high-risk treatments and vulnerable patient groups.
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are known psychiatric conditions in Parkinson's disease (PD), especially as a side effect of antiparkinsonian therapy. Screening for vulnerable patients and avoiding high-risk treatments can be an effective approach to reduce the ICD burden in patients with PD. Thus, our goal was to identify risk factors for ICDs in PD in the Swedish total population. ⋯ Our results support possible risk factors for incident ICDs that had previously been identified, like dopamine agonist treatment and raise additional attention for risk factors like MAO-B inhibitor treatment and specific psychiatric comorbidities. These findings enable tailoring antiparkinsonian therapy to individual patient-specific risk profiles.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
White matter abnormalities in healthy E200K carriers may serve as an early biomarker for genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD).
MRI is an important tool for disease diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), yet its role in identifying preclinical stages of disease remains unclear. Here, we explored subtle white matter (WM) alterations in genetic CJD (gCJD) patients and in asymptomatic E200K mutation carriers using MRI, depending on total tau protein (t-tau) levels in CSF. ⋯ DTI abnormalities along WM tracts were found in healthy E200K mutation carriers with elevated t-tau in CSF. Longer follow-up is required to determine whether these subtle WM alterations are predictive of future conversion to symptomatic gCJD.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study of 113 patients (CogniMOG-Study).
Data on cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited to studies with small sample sizes. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the extent, characteristics and the longitudinal course of potential cognitive deficits in patients with MOGAD. ⋯ Based on these data, we conclude that MOGAD patients show reduced visuomotor processing speed and semantic fluency to the extent that the disease burden includes cerebral lesions.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Sodium valproate is associated with cortical thinning of disease-specific areas in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is associated with cortical thinning of the motor areas. The relative contribution of antiseizure medication to cortical thickness is unknown. We aimed to investigate how valproate influences the cortical morphology of JME. ⋯ Valproate was associated with JME-specific and dose-dependent thinning of the cortical motor regions. This suggests that valproate is a key modulator of cortical morphology in JME, an effect that may underlie its high efficacy in this syndrome.