Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Does sex influence the natural history of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?
Several earlier studies showed a female predominance in idiopathic adult-onset dystonia (IAOD) affecting the craniocervical area and a male preponderance in limb dystonia. However, sex-related differences may result from bias inherent to study design. Moreover, information is lacking on whether sex-related differences exist in expressing other dystonia-associated features and dystonia spread. ⋯ Our findings provide novel evidence on sex as a key mediator of IAOD phenotype at disease onset. Age-related sexual dimorphism may result from the varying exposures to specific age-related and sex-related environmental risk factors interacting in a complex manner with biological factors such as hormonal sex factors.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Effects of motor cortical and peripheral axonal hyperexcitability on survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Increased 'cortical' and 'peripheral' excitability are reportedly associated with shorter survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, suggesting that hyperexcitability contributes to motor neuron death. However, whether upper or lower motor function has a greater impact on survival is unclear. We aimed to investigate the component that strongly impacts the prognosis of ALS. ⋯ In patients with ALS, both motor cortical and peripheral hyperexcitability independently affected survival time, with peripheral hyperexcitability having a greater impact on shorter survival. The modulation of neuronal/axonal excitability is a potential therapeutic target for ALS.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
ReviewFunctional parcellation of the cingulate gyrus by electrical cortical stimulation: a synthetic literature review and future directions.
The cingulate gyrus (CG), a brain structure above the corpus callosum, is recognised as part of the limbic system and plays numerous vital roles. However, its full functional capacity is yet to be understood. In recent years, emerging evidence from imaging modalities, supported by electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) findings, has improved our understanding. To our knowledge, there is a limited number of systematic reviews of the cingulate function studied by ECS. We aim to parcellate the CG by reviewing ECS studies. ⋯ Our results provide a segmental mapping of the functional properties of CG, helping to improve precision in the surgical planning of epilepsy.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Disentangling the relationship between social cognition, executive functions and behaviour changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Social cognition (SC) deficits are included in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTDS) revised diagnostic criteria. However, the impact of SC assessment on cognitive classification and the cognitive-behavioural correlates of SC remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of SC assessment on ALS-FTDS categorisation and explore the relationship of SC with executive functions (EF) and behaviour changes in a cohort of ALS patients. ⋯ SC is overall independent of EF in ALS, with ToM only partially associated with specific EF measures, and behaviour changes associated with emotional disorders. The influence of SC on cognitive categorisation and the frequent identification of a subclinical SC impairment have implications in a clinical setting, considering the substantial impact of cognitive impairment on disease burden and therapeutic choices.