European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Nov 2012
Low frequency oscillations in cephalic vessels assessed by near infrared spectroscopy.
Low frequency oscillations (LFO) of cerebral vessels are believed to reflect cerebral autoregulation. We investigated day-to-day and hemispheric variations in 0.1 Hz LFO with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to determine phase shift and gain of oxygenated haemoglobin (oxyHb) and the velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmca) to the arterial blood pressure (ABP). The direct left-right phase shifts of oxyHb and Vmca were also assessed. We examined 44 healthy volunteers by simultaneous recordings of ABP, oxyHb and Vmca during spontaneous and paced breathing at 6 breaths per minute on two separate days. ⋯ Our results show that LFO phase shift ABP-oxyHb may be used as a robust measurement of differences in autoregulation between hemispheres and over time. In addition, we found a strong relation between oxyHb and Vmca during paced breathing. Gain showed too large variation for clinical use, as the SD was up to 100-fold of mean values.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Nov 2012
Adipocyte chemerin release is induced by insulin without being translated to higher levels in vivo.
Chemerin is an adipokine that regulates insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Prolonged hyperinsulinaemia is associated with higher systemic chemerin, and insulin induces adipose tissue chemerin release. These findings led us to hypothesize that systemic chemerin may be associated with post-prandial glucose metabolism and/or may even be induced after oral glucose load. Therefore, the effect of insulin on adipocyte chemerin levels and systemic chemerin in mice was analysed. Further, systemic levels of chemerin after oral glucose load in nondiabetic individuals were studied. ⋯ Post-prandial hyperinsulinaemia does not contribute to higher chemerin levels in nondiabetic individuals.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Nov 2012
Vitamin D attenuates high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by modulating lipid metabolism.
Vitamin D has been reported to be reversely associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome and is involved in modulation of lipid metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2) D(3) ) has a protective effect on high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. ⋯ These results suggest that the preventing effect of 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis is related to the inhibition of lipogenesis and the promotion of FA oxidation in rat liver.