European journal of clinical investigation
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We analyse the cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing screening for Isolated Iliac Aneurysm (IIA) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) and propose a logistic regression model to indicate patients at risk of IIA and/or AAA. ⋯ The proposed regression model can represent a valid aid to predict IIA and AAA presence and to select patients to be screened.
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During ageing, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of cardiovascular disease CVD) increases. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between AD and CVD and its risk factors, with a view to explaining the underlying mechanisms of this association. This review is based on the material obtained via MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Clinical Trials databases, from January 1980 until May 2019. ⋯ Further research will help to clarify the real impact of CVD and its risk factors on AD, in order to better comprehend the effects of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular diseases on the brain. It may be hypothesized that there are various mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD, the main ones being: hypoperfusion and emboli, atherosclerosis, furthermore in both the heart and brain of AD patients, amyloid deposits may be present, thus causing damage to these organs. We need to clarify the real impact of these underlying hypothesized mechanisms and to investigate gender issues.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Jul 2021
ReviewInfluenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review.
There is a concern that influenza vaccination may increase the incidence of immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs. ⋯ The results of this systematic review support the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs. These results are particularly relevant in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Jul 2021
ReviewNAFLD or MAFLD diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: from epidemiology to drug approaches.
A consensus of experts has proposed to replace the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is 25%, with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to describe more appropriately the liver disease related to metabolic derangements. MAFLD is closely intertwined with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, all linked to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Since controversy still stands on whether or not NAFLD/MAFLD raises the odds of CVD, the present review aims to evaluate the impact of NAFLD/MAFLD aetiologies on CV health and the potential correction by dietary and drug approaches. ⋯ NAFLD is correlated to a higher CVD risk which may be ameliorated by dietary interventions. This is not surprising, since new criteria defining MAFLD include other metabolic risk abnormalities fuelling development of serious adverse extrahepatic outcomes, for example CVD. The present lack of a targeted pharmacological approach makes the identification of patients with liver disease at higher CVD risk (eg diabetes, hypertension, obesity or high levels of C-reactive protein) of major clinical interest.
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Aortic stenosis (AS) prevalence is estimated to reach 4.5 million cases worldwide by the year 2030. AS is a progressive disease without a pharmacological treatment. In the current review, we aimed to investigate novel therapeutic approaches for non-surgical AS treatment, at least in patients with mild-to-moderate AS. ⋯ Several novel molecular pathways of AS development have been identified over the past few years. Therapies using PCSK9 inhibitors, simvastatin/ezetimibe combination, lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapy are highly promising candidates as therapeutics in the prevention of mild AS progression, while preclinical studies show that NOACs may inhibit valvular inflammation and coagulation activation and slower the rate of AS progression.