European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Sep 2024
ReviewOxidative stress, defective proteostasis and immunometabolic complications in critically ill patients.
Oxidative stress (OS) develops in critically ill patients as a metabolic consequence of the immunoinflammatory and degenerative processes of the tissues. These induce increased and/or dysregulated fluxes of reactive species enhancing their pro-oxidant activity and toxicity. At the same time, OS sustains its own inflammatory and immunometabolic pathogenesis, leading to a pervasive and vitious cycle of events that contribute to defective immunity, organ dysfunction and poor prognosis. ⋯ These can help neutralizing reactive and toxic species, also removing solutes in a wide spectrum of molecular weights thus improving proteostasis and its immunometabolic corelates. Pharmacological therapy is also moving steps forward which could help to enhance the efficacy of extracorporeal treatments. This narrative review article explores the aspects behind the origin and pathogenic role of OS in intensive care and critically ill patients, with a focus on protein damage as a cause of impaired systemic proteostasis and immune dysfunction in critical illness.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Sep 2024
Effectiveness of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in secondary cardiovascular prevention.
The effectiveness of statin treatment to reduce coronary events and mortality has been hardly examined considering goals of LDL-C. We aimed to analyse such association in secondary cardiovascular prevention. ⋯ This population-level retrospective analysis of real-world data observed that treatment with statins is effective to achieve certain LDL-C goals and CHD reduction. The lack of significant difference between LDL-C goals needs confirmation in additional studies with real-world data. The LDL-C target should consider the magnitude of the decrease in coronary events.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Sep 2024
Review Meta AnalysisSoluble receptor of advanced glycation end product as a biomarker in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis of controlled studies.
Currently, there is a significant focus on the decrease of soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. sRAGE plays a decoy role against the inflammatory response of advanced glycation end products (AGE), which has led to increased interest in its role in these disorders. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the significant differences in sRAGE levels between neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders compared to control groups. ⋯ This meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in sRAGE in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders particularly in Asians and moderate age.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Sep 2024
Review Meta AnalysisThe acute effect of exercise on the endothelial glycocalyx in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that when the endothelial glycocalyx, composed of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, is altered or modified, this property is lost, playing a fundamental role in cardiovascular pathologies. Cardiovascular risk factors can destroy the endothelial glycocalyx layer. Exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors, but little is known about its direct effect on the integrity of the endothelial layer. ⋯ In a healthy population, various types of exercise showed an acute improvement of the endothelial glycocalyx and its individual components.