European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Nov 2018
Impact of chronic hyponatremia on neurocognitive and neuromuscular function.
Chronic hyponatremia is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, whether treatment improves outcome in patients without significant symptoms is unclear. We here assessed the therapeutic outcome on clinical symptoms, neurocognitive and neuromuscular function in patients with chronic non profound hyponatremia. ⋯ Chronic hyponatremia is symptomatic and impairs neurocognitive and neuromuscular function. Short-time therapeutic intervention led to improved clinical symptoms and neurocognitive function, but had no effect on neuromuscular function. Larger trials with long-term treatment are needed to specify the therapeutic need in chronic hyponatremia.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Nov 2018
Altered frequency of Th17 and Treg cells in new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Their imbalance was reported in treated SLE patients, while very little is known about the relationship between Th17 and Treg cells in new-onset untreated SLE patients. ⋯ Results indicate that Th17 and Treg cells take roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Th17 cells might suppress the differentiation of Treg cells, and feedback effects might exist between them during SLE pathogenesis. The measure of plasma level of IL-17A may be useful for evaluation of disease activity in new-onset SLE patients.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Nov 2018
ReviewCalcium signalling and related ion channels in neutrophil recruitment and function.
The recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, their battle against invading microorganisms through phagocytosis and the release of antimicrobial agents is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process that involves the interplay of many different receptors, ion channels and signalling pathways. Changes in intracellular calcium levels, caused by cytosolic Ca2+ store depletion and the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via ion channels, play a critical role in synchronizing neutrophil activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of how Ca2+ signalling is initiated in neutrophils and how changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels modulate neutrophil function.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Oct 2018
ReviewAspirin in primary prevention for patients with diabetes: Still a matter of debate.
Patients with diabetes are at high cardiovascular (CV) risk due to an exaggerated platelet activation and aggregation. In the first 2000s low-dose aspirin was first recommended for primary prevention, but then re-discussed. ⋯ It appears advisable to follow current guidelines addressing first of all classical risk factors and evaluate aspirin therapy in primary prevention only for patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes at increased CV risk and no risk for GI bleeding. Anyway, additional clinical trials are needed to address the current topic.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Oct 2018
ReviewThe underestimated role of basophils in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a hematopoietic neoplasm defined by the chromosome translocation t(9;22) and the related oncogene, BCR-ABL1. In most patients, leukaemic cells can be kept under control using BCR-ABL1-targeting drugs. However, many patients relapse which remains a clinical challenge. ⋯ In addition, basophils provide vasoactive substances, like histamine as well as the cytokine-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase IV which may promote stem cell mobilization and the extramedullary spread of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, basophils may produce autocrine growth factors for myeloid cells. Understanding the role of basophils in CML evolution and progression may support the development of more effective treatment concepts.