Lancet
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Hypoxia caused by pneumonia or bronchiolitis is a common cause of death in children in developing countries. Oxygen is very expensive in developing countries, and it is important that the limited supplies available be used as efficiently as possible. ⋯ A flow rate of 150 ml/kg/min gave an inspired oxygen concentration of about 50% in children less than 2 years old. Thus, newborn infants with pneumonia can usually be treated with 0.5 l/min and infants up to 12 months old with 1.0 l/min of nasopharyngeal oxygen.