The Medical clinics of North America
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The vast majority of headache patients encountered in the outpatient general medicine setting will be diagnosed with a primary headache disorder, mostly migraine or tension-type headache. Other less common primary headaches and secondary headaches, related to or caused by another condition, are the topic of this article. Nonmigraine primary headaches include trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, primarily cluster headache; facial pain, primarily trigeminal neuralgia; and miscellaneous headache syndromes, such as hemicrania continua and new daily persistent headache. Selected secondary headaches related to vascular disease, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and inflammatory conditions are also reviewed.
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Med. Clin. North Am. · Mar 2019
ReviewCerebrovascular Disease: Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention.
Despite advances in earlier diagnosis and available aggressive treatments for vascular risk factors, stroke remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Disparities exist in stroke risk, rates of stroke, and treatment. ⋯ Primary prevention of stroke focusing on risk factor modification plays an important role in reducing the burden of stroke in an aging population. Secondary prevention of recurrent strokes relies on the workup and a tailored treatment targeted at the mechanisms responsible for the incident stroke or transient ischemic attack.