The Medical clinics of North America
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Both scientific evidence and popular diet trends have sought to identify the ideal diet for weight loss with strategies focused on either restricting carbohydrates or fat. While there is a strong physiologic rationale for either carbohydrate restriction or fat restriction to achieve a calorie deficit needed for weight loss, evidence from randomized controlled trials suggest either type of diet is effective for weight loss. The level of adherence, rather than macronutrient content, is the driver of successful weight loss.
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Two of the leading chronic diseases are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. A cornerstone of prevention for CVD and cancer is a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. ⋯ This article summarizes recent evidence on the relationship of diet quality as measured by adherence to healthy dietary patterns and CVD and cancer risk reduction. Optimal adherence to a healthy dietary pattern decreases CVD and cancer risk; even small changes in diet quality are beneficial.
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Proper nutrition and healthy eating are key determinants of healthy aging. In older age, energy requirements decrease, yet micronutrient requirements stay the same or increase, which make older adults susceptible to nutrient deficiencies. ⋯ Most older adults have multiple chronic diseases that may influence their dietary intake and nutritional needs. However, currently, our understanding of how individual chronic diseases and their associated treatments influence dietary requirements is limited.
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Med. Clin. North Am. · Sep 2022
ReviewDiet for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders/Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.
Dietary interventions may alleviate symptoms related to functional gastrointestinal disorders, now termed disorders of gut-brain interaction. We reviewed which interventions have high-quality data to support their use in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic idiopathic constipation.