Medicine
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Observational Study
Malnutrition is associated with HIV infection in children less than 5 years in Bobo-Dioulasso City, Burkina Faso: A case-control study.
Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malnutrition are still 2 major health issues in sub-Saharan Africa including Burkina Faso where few studies have been conducted on child malnutrition and HIV infection. This study assessed the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infection and also compared the prevalence of malnutrition in terms of an inadequate diet, underweight, stunting, and wasting among HIV-infected and uninfected children less than 5 years in Bobo-Dioulasso city, Burkina Faso. This was a case-control study matching for age and sex in 164 HIV-infected and 164 HIV-uninfected children. ⋯ In addition, HIV-infected children were more likely of being underweight (AOR = 10.24, 95% CI 4.34-24.17, P < 0.001) and wasting (AOR = 5.57, 95% CI 2.49-12.46, P < 0.001) than HIV-uninfected children less than 5 years of age. High prevalence of malnutrition was observed in HIV-infected children compared with HIV-uninfected children. Except for ART, nutritional assessment and support should be included in pediatric HIV management.
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Case Reports
Emotional exhaustion-induced latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in a young lady: A CARE-compliant case report.
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) refers to an autoimmune disorder characterized with detectable islets antibodies in the early diagnosis and increased autoimmune beta-cell failure progression. Notably, this kind of diabetes seems to be confused with other phenotypic diabetes. ⋯ The emotional exhaustion might play a significant role in induction of LADA. It is important that individuals should maintain optimism, cheer, and a positive attitude.
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Case Reports
Degeneration of corticofugal fibers in a patient with primary progressive freezing gait: A case report.
To report a patient with primary progressive freezing gait (PPFG) whose degeneration of corticofugal tract (CFT) from the supplementary motor area (SMA) was demonstrated using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). ⋯ In our opinion, the lesion in the CFT from the left SMA in our patient was attributed to the occurrence of PPFG. We believe that the results of this study suggest one of the pathological mechanisms for the occurrence of gait difficulty in PPFG.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study Observational Study
Spinal anesthesia increases the risk of venous thromboembolism in total arthroplasty: Secondary analysis of a J-PSVT cohort study on anesthesia.
Clinical guidance on the choice of anesthetic modality vis-à-vis the risk of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) is largely lacking because of a paucity of recent evidence. A comparative effect of general anesthesia and neuraxial blockade on the perioperative incidence of VTE has not been well-investigated. We compared the effects of different types of anesthetic modalities on the risk of VTE after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). ⋯ On multivariate analysis, only spinal anesthesia was associated with a significant increase in the risk of VTE as compared with that associated with general anesthesia. Propensity score-matched analysis for "combined epidural/general anesthesia group" versus "spinal anesthesia group" demonstrated a 48% higher incidence of VTE (relative risk = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.85) in the latter. Spinal anesthesia was associated with a higher risk of postoperative VTE, as compared with that associated with combined epidural/general anesthesia, in patients undergoing total arthroplasty.
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The CTNNB1 (β-catenin) gene is well known for its crucial role in cell adhesion and the Wnt-signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that gain-of-function mutations in the CTNNB1 gene contribute to the occurrence and development of a variety of carcinomas in humans. Recently, de novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations of the CTNNB1 gene were found that partially explain intellectual disability in some patients. Other major clinical symptoms in these patients included microcephaly, abnormal facial features, motor delays, speech impairments, and deformities of the hands and feet. In addition, approximately 75% of these patients had mild visual defects, such as astigmatism, hyperopia, or strabismus PATIENT CONCERNS:: A 15-month-old Chinese boy, presenting with retinal detachment, lens and vitreous opacities, hypertonia of the extremities, mild thumb adduction, microcephaly, and developmental delay, is described. Targeted gene sequencing using an ophthalmic gene panel was performed to test for familial exudative vitreoretinopathy; however, the pathogenic gene was not found. ⋯ Severe ophthalmic phenotype has not well been connected with loss of functional mutation of CTNNB1 gene. Our finding expands the mutant spectrum of CTNNB1 gene and adds new understanding of the phenotype.