Medicine
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Efficiency of microarray and SNPscan for the detection of hearing loss gene in 71 cases with nonsyndromic hearing loss.
We aim to screen the mutations of 3 hearing loss (HL) genes (GJB2, SLC26A4, and 12S rRNA) in 71 cases with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) using microarray and SNPscan, and identify the roles of nonhotspot mutation of these genes in the screening of NSHL. Seventy-one cases with moderate or severe neurosensory deafness confirmed in our department from July 2014 to December 2015 including 25 Uyghur minorities and 46 Han Chinese were included in this study. The type of mutations in GJB2, SLC26A4, and 12S rRNA genes were detected using microarray and SNPscan, respectively. ⋯ Compared with the microarray, remarkable difference was noticed in the detection rate of SNPscan (P < .05). Nonhotspot mutation in GJB2, SLC26A4, and 12S rRNA genes played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NSHL. SNPscan contributed to elevation of detection rate of NSHL in clinical practice.
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Review Meta Analysis
Can intravenous steroid administration reduce postoperative pain scores following total knee arthroplasty?: A meta-analysis.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate whether intravenous steroids would result in reduced acute pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). ⋯ Intravenous steroids may be associated with decreased pain intensity and decreased risk of nausea and vomiting during the early period following TKA. However, evidence supporting its use is limited by the low quality of and variations in dosing regimens between the included RCTs. Thus, more high-quality RCTs are needed to identify the optimal drug administration intervals for maximal pain control.
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Observational Study
PSA declines and survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide: A retrospective case-report study.
PSA responses have been associated with a survival benefit in patients treated with enzalutamide in retrospective analyses. ⋯ Our study supports the prognostic value of PSA declines in heavily treated patients receiving enzalutamide.
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Observational Study
Long-term follow-up of elite controllers: Higher risk of complications with HCV coinfection, no association with HIV disease progression.
To estimate the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on the development of complications and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease among HIV-infected elite controllers. Single-center retrospective cohort. Kaplan-Meier methods, prevalence ratios, and Cox proportional-hazards models were used. ⋯ HCV coinfection was not associated with loss of elite controller status. Taken together, this suggests that HCV coinfection does not directly affect HIV replication dynamics or natural history, but that it may act synergistically with HIV to produce a greater number of associated complications. Continued follow-up will be needed to determine whether HCV cure through the use of direct-acting antivirals among HIV/HCV coinfected elite controllers will make the risk for complications among these patients similar to their HIV mono-infected counterparts.
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Observational Study
Factors associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.
Identifying older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) earlier is urgent because CMP is reportedly associated with deterioration in physical function, poor psychological status, and low physical activity level. The objective of this study was to identify factors that were most strongly associated with CMP in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Using a cross-sectional design, we assessed 263 older adults (mean age = 79.1 ± 5.9 years, 85.9% women) who participated in community exercise classes. ⋯ Outcome measures for the CMP group were significantly worse than for the non-CMP group (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Pain Catastrophizing Scale helplessness domain scores (odds ratio: 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.32) with an estimated value of 10 points was the factor most significantly associated with the presence of CMP. These findings suggest that assessment of the helplessness associated with pain-related catastrophizing is important for identification and the creation of interventions for older adults with CMP.