Medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin both in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin both in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and provide reference basis for rational use of clinical drugs. ⋯ The results of this meta-analysis indicated that Liraglutide added on to metformin therapy could significantly lower the level of HbA1c and increase body weight loss. Meanwhile, the adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal problems were common in the liraglutide treatment group. Thus, this will provide an important reference for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Comparative effectiveness of azithromycin for treating scrub typhus: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease that remains an important health threat in endemic areas. Appropriate anti-rickettsial treatment ensures a successful recovery. Doxycycline is a recommended drug, but it is contraindicated in pregnant women and young children. Azithromycin is a safer alternative drug, but its effectiveness remains largely unclear. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of azithromycin. ⋯ Azithromycin is as effective as other anti-rickettsial drugs with higher treatment success rates, lower frequency of adverse effects, and longer time to defervescence (GRADE 2B). Therefore, it is reasonable to use azithromycin as the first-line treatment against scrub typhus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the effectiveness of azithromycin in specific patient groups, at high dose and influence of drug resistance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparative assessment of the efficacy and safety of acarbose and metformin combined with premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This study, a subgroup analysis of the data from the Organization Program of DiabEtes INsulIN ManaGement study, aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of acarbose and metformin used in combination with premixed insulin. This analysis included 80 and 192 patients taking only 1 oral antidiabetic drug, classified into acarbose (treated with acarbose + insulin) and metformin groups (treated with metformin + insulin), respectively. The efficacy and safety data were analyzed for within- and between-group differences. ⋯ Mean scores of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale improved in both groups at endpoint. Combination of insulin with acarbose or metformin could improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acarbose and metformin were found to be comparable in terms of efficacy, weight gain, and incidence of hypoglycemia.
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The adding-on phenomenon is a common complication in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients after correction surgery. However, the risk factors of previous studies and the optimal treatment strategies remain controversial. The aim of this study was to identify new risk factors for the adding-on phenomenon after posterior correction surgery in AIS patients and compare different treatment strategies to guide the selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV). ⋯ Among the 4 methods, only choosing touch type A as LIV shows satisfactory outcome. The Touch classification is an important risk factor that is highly correlated with the incidence of the adding-on phenomenon. The best LIV choice to preserve the lumbar activity segment as much as possible is Touch type C, and no significant difference was observed in the SRS-22 scores between the Touch type C group and the control group in the short-term follow-up.
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To determine whether the injury mortality prediction (IMP) statistically outperforms the trauma mortality prediction model (TMPM) as a predictor of mortality. The TMPM is currently the best trauma score method, which is based on the anatomic injury. Its ability of mortality prediction is superior to the injury severity score (ISS) and to the new injury severity score (NISS). ⋯ All models show slight changes after the extension of age, gender, and mechanism of injury, but the extended IMP still dominated TMPM in every performance. The IMP has slight improvement in discrimination and calibration compared with the TMPM and can accurately predict mortality. Therefore, we consider it as a new feasible scoring method in trauma research.