Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-term safety and immunogenicity of the M72/AS01E candidate tuberculosis vaccine in HIV-positive and -negative Indian adults: Results from a phase II randomized controlled trial.
To assess the long-term safety and immunogenicity of the M72/ Adjuvant System (AS01E) candidate tuberculosis (TB) vaccine up to 3 years post-dose 2 (Y3) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) Indian adults. ⋯ NCT01262976 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless, water soluble, flammable gas with a characteristic smell of rotten eggs, has been known as a highly toxic gas for several years. However, much like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), the initial negative perception of H2S has developed with the discovery that H2S is generated enzymatically in animals under normal conditions. With the result of this discovery, much more work is needed to elucidate the biologic effects of H2S. In recent years, its cytoprotective properties have been recognized in multiple organs and tissues. In particular, H2S plays important roles in combating oxidative species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and protect the body from oxidative stress. Therefore, this review discusses the biologic effect of H2S and how it protects cells in various diseases by acting as an antioxidant that reduces excessive amounts of ROS and RNS. ⋯ H2S has been found to be cytoprotective in oxidative stress in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic conditions, an increasing number of therapeutic potentials of H2S also have been revealed. However, there is still much debate on the clear mechanism of action of H2S, so that the mechanisms of cell signaling that promote cellular survival and organ protection need to be further investigated to provide better H2S-based therapeutics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of rational emotive digital storytelling intervention on knowledge and risk perception of HIV/AIDS among schoolchildren in Nigeria.
This investigation was aimed at determining the efficacy of a rational emotive digital storytelling (REDStory) therapy on knowledge and perception of risk of HIV/AIDS among schoolchildren in Enugu State, Nigeria. ⋯ The current study therefore suggests the use of REDStory therapy in increasing knowledge and perception of risk of HIV/AIDS among schoolchildren in Enugu, Nigeria.
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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the clinical prognosis that leads to dementia. Early intervention of MCI is critical to protect against dementia. Exercise intervention has gained popularity for the management of MCI. Most current studies have focused only on improvements made by exercise interventions on the global/general cognitive function and/or a specific cognitive function. However, no studies have been performed on a subgroup analysis of the effects of exercise interventions on different cognitive domains of the elderly with MCI. The exploration of this issue will help to clarify the influence and through a preliminary analysis identify the level of influence of exercise interventions on particular cognitive domains, and it will provide the theoretical framework for the construction of precise exercise intervention strategies for MCI patients. ⋯ CRD42018093902.
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Observational Study
Clinical results of closed versus mini-open reduction with percutaneous pinning for supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children: A retrospective case-control study.
To compare the clinical outcomes of 2 procedures, closed or mini-open reduction with percutaneous pinning (ORPP), for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Patients aged less than 15 years who had undergone surgery for supracondylar fracture of the humerus between 2004 and 2013 were identified. The case records and radiographs from 34 patients were reviewed. ⋯ The average CA loss in the injured elbow compared with the CA of the contralateral side was significantly larger in the CRPP group than the mini-ORPP group. In accordance with Flynn's criteria, the results in the CRPP group were excellent in 12 patients, good in 8, and poor in 1; the results in the mini-ORPP group were excellent in 12, and good in 1. To eliminate the possibility of postoperative cubitus varus deformity, the mini-ORPP is the optimal procedure for supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children.