Medicine
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Pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare intracranial vascular disease, and its presentation with a huge tumor-resembling thrombus is rarer. ⋯ It is noteworthy that PAVF with a large thrombus may appear as a tumor in the initial diagnosis, and therefore it is necessary to perform an intracranial vascular examination in patients with tumor stroke symptoms.
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Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are one of the most common and effective methods of contraception worldwide. Migration of an IUD to an extrauterine site is a rare complication. The aim of this study was to report an extremely rare case in which an IUD was found in an ovarian tumor. ⋯ The presence of an IUD within an ovarian tumor is extremely rare. This is the second reported case in the English literature describing an extrauterine IUD within an ovarian tumor. The correlation between ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and IUD translocation is unclear and requires further investigation.
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Expiratory central airway collapse is defined by excessive inward bulging of either tracheobronchial posterior membrane or cartilage. The former is called excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC), and the latter, depending on the site of collapse, tracheomalacia, bronchomalacia or tracheobronchomalacia. Due to their non-specific symptoms and lack of awareness amongst clinicians they tend to be mislabeled as common obstructive lung disorders, or complicate their course undetected. Particular controversies refer to EDAC sometimes considered just as a symptom of obstructive lung disease and not a separate entity. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence indicates that EDAC might be present in patients without apparent obstructive lung disease or it might be an independent risk factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma patients. ⋯ In presented cases EDAC was an unexpected finding, even though, it firmly corresponded with reported symptoms. Treatment modification led to improvement of patients quality of life.
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At present, the treatment of base fractures of the fifth metatarsal, especially the area I fractures, is still a controversial topic. The objective of our work was to assess the radiological and clinical outcomes of displaced avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal base after treated with conservative treatment or intramedullary screw. ⋯ We hypothesized that there was no remarkable difference between two groups in the outcomes after operation.
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There are still no unified guidelines of surgical treatment and timing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM). The clinical data and follow-up data were collected from HIV-negative CM patients in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2009 to November 2018, and 42 patients who were treated with surgical intervention were enrolled in the present study. These 42 patients were divided into ventriculoatrial (VA) group, ventriculoperitoneal group, external ventricle drainage (EVD) group, hydrocephalus (HYC) group, non-HYC group, EVD group, and non-EVD group (VA/ ventriculoperitoneal) according to different surgical procedures. ⋯ VA procedure could be one of the first choices for the treatment of uncontrollable intracranial hypertension caused by CM. Severe uncontrollable headache, loss of consciousness, and cerebral hernia were indications of emergency surgery. Repeated headache, hearing impairment, and especially progressive loss of vision were indications of early surgery to avoid permanent damage to nerve functions of HIV-negative CM patients.