Medicine
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The relationship between various categories of blood pressure (BP), subtypes of hypertension, and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been extensively studied. Therefore, our study aimed to explore this relationship in a random population sample of men born in 1943, living in Sweden and followed over a 21-year period. Participants were examined for the first time in 1993 (age 50 years), where data on medical history, concomitant diseases, and general health were collected. ⋯ Furthermore, those with high-normal BP, ISH-IDH, and SDH had a higher risk of CVD than those with optimal-normal BP. The adjusted relative risk of CVD was highest for SDH (hazard ratio [HR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37-2.79), followed by ISH-IDH (HR 1.34; 95% CI 0.93-1.95) and high-normal BP (HR 1.31; 95% CI 0.91-1.89). Over a 21-year follow-up, the participants with high-normal BP or ISH-IDH had a higher relative risk of CVD than those with optimal-normal BP.
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Tattooing is a procedure where ink is inserted typically in the intraepidermal space of the skin. Multiple incidences of viral infections following tattooing which lead to warts have been reported in recent years. The aim of this report was to show a relatively rare adverse effect after tattooing - verruca plana. ⋯ Clinically, verruca plana post-tattooing is relatively less reported. We need to combine clinical manifestations with pathological results to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Besides, there are a large numbers of post-tattoo complications and various routes of virus inoculation. Therefore, it is important for medical professionals to caution people before considering to have a tattoo.
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Case Reports
Hiccups triggered by bladder filling after bilateral pontine hemorrhage: A case report.
A hiccup is myoclonus of a sudden involuntary contraction of the diaphragm. Hiccups have various causes, and brain stem stroke is one of the causes of central hiccups. Certain types of hiccups are caused by diseases that can be fatal. Therefore, it is beneficial for physicians to be familiar with the various cases of unusual hiccups. We report a case of hiccups triggered by urinary bladder filling in a brain stem stroke patient. To the best of our knowledge, previous reports have not described a similar case. ⋯ Bladder filling is suspected to increase the sympathetic tone and cause a hiccup reflex. Bladder filling could be a factor triggering hiccups in pontine hemorrhage.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, chronic, autoimmune disease which can affect any organ system including the eye. About one-third of the patients can be diagnosed with SLE-related eye involvement which is usually indicative of disease activity. Retinopathy is one of the most vision-threatening complications that can be associated with the disease. ⋯ An early diagnosis and the prompt therapeutic measures are necessary to prevent sight-threatening consequences, especially in pediatric patients with SLE.
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The European Higher Education Area was implemented more than a decade ago with the aim of improving internationally the competitiveness of European university education putting the spotlight on skills and competence development (and not only on knowledge acquisition). This work intends to analyze the impact of competence-based teaching methodologies on university students, as well as to contribute to the study of the individual personality traits differences regarding this impact. For this, a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-randomised sample of university students. ⋯ The results show that Health Sciences students feel more satisfied with the most participative and active methodologies, and they consider these better contribute to their future professional competence development. On the other hand, in relation to the big 5 personality traits studied, links have been found between competence development perception and personal preferences and the dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience. This last factor, openness to experience, appears when analyzing the main differences among both groups, being Health Sciences students more intellectually curious, showing more openness and diversity of interests, in addition to being more creative, innovative, and flexible.