Medicine
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Classical Article Observational Study
Retinopathy in Egyptian patients with sickle cell disease: A cross-sectional study.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder that causes red blood cells to become sticky and rigid. Sickle cells can block blood flow in small blood vessels depriving the eye of oxygen and cause damage. This is called sickle retinopathy that can progress to severe proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, bleeding into the eye, detachment of the retina or even loss of vision. ⋯ All patients showed macular thinning on optical coherence tomography examination. We concluded that frequency of retinopathy in patients with SCD is more than expected and it was higher in patients who started transfusion at a later age. More attention should be paid for this problem and close observations and follow up is strongly needed.
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Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the mediastinum are extremely rare. No uniform solution currently exists for the treatment of mediastinal NETs. ⋯ For large mediastinal NETs with poor chemotherapy effects, surgical resection is safe and feasible after down-staging treatment via arterial chemoembolization of drug-eluting embolic microspheres.
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Case Reports
Reversible severe tricuspid regurgitation associated with Graves' disease: A case report.
Graves' disease is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis. Cardiovascular signs and symptoms are frequent in patients with thyrotoxicosis and right heart failure with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a rare manifestation of hyperthyroidism. ⋯ Severe TR can be rarely associated with thyrotoxicosis, but this is reversible and can be completely recovered with normalization of thyroid function.
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Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (pKS) caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a devastating form of KS in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Blood T cells play a central role in the response of HIV-1 and HHV-8. However, little information is available on T cells in the alveolar space of HIV-1-associated pKS patients. ⋯ BAL T cells showed reduced inflammatory capacities and significantly diminished polyfunctionality compared to blood T cells from patients with pKS. This was not accompanied by increased expression of exhaustion markers, such as TIM-3 and PD-1. More importantly, we found a negative correlation between the production of MIP1-β and TNF-α in T cells in BAL and blood, indicating compartmentalised immune responses to pKS and accentuated chronic HIV-1/HHV-8 pathogenesis via T cells in the lungs of people with pKS.
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We explored the patterns of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with non-segmental vitiligo. ⋯ Our results revealed patterns of differentially expressed lncRNAs in the PBMCs of non-segmental vitiligo individuals. ENST00000460164.1, and NR-046211.1 may be potential biomarkers and drug targets for the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo.