Medicine
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Review Case Reports
Extraosseous osteochondroma of superficial fascia layer of the heel: A case report and review of literature.
Osteochondroma is a common benign bone tumor consisting of cartilage-covered bone confluent with the medullary canal of the epiphysis. Extraosseous osteochondroma shares the same appearance and histologic features as a typical osteochondroma but does not have any attachment to surrounding bone structures. Because of its low incidence, extraosseous osteochondroma is uncommon in clinical workups and thus prone to misdiagnosis. The diagnosis of extraosseous osteochondroma should be considered when there is a well-defined bony mass in the soft tissue with no direct continuity with the adjacent bone or joint. Here, we present a case of an imaging diagnosis of "calcified bursitis in the subcutaneous superficial fascial layer" and a postoperative pathological diagnosis of "extraosseous osteochondroma." ⋯ For foot tumors, we need to consider the possibility of extraosseous osteochondroma. After completing the auxiliary examination, we should determine the relationship between the tumor and its surrounding tissues and blood supply before surgery to avoid causing major trauma.
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Review Case Reports
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: A case report and literature review.
The therapeutic value of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a variety of tumors has been found and recognized, and although ICIs have improved the prognosis of many patients with advanced tumors, these drugs sometimes cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ⋯ In this paper, Through the report and follow-up analysis of this case, this paper recognizes that the early correct understanding and evaluation of this fulminant and fatal irAEs and the reasonable treatment of patients are very important for the prognosis of patients.
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This study aimed to systematically analyze the association between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). ⋯ Our meta-analysis found that PPI use may be associated with an increased risk of GC. Further research on the causal relationship between these factors is necessary.
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Multicenter Study
A multicenter prospective study of the treatment and outcome of patients with gastroduodenal peptic ulcer bleeding in Japan.
Gastroduodenal peptic ulcers are the main cause of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). We believe that recent advances in endoscopic techniques and devices for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal tract tumors have advanced hemostasis for UGIB. However, few prospective multicenter studies have examined how these changes affect the prognosis. ⋯ All scores predicted refractory bleeding similarly. Although endoscopic hemostasis for UGIB due to peptic ulcer had a favorable outcome, old age and severe comorbidities were risk factors for poor prognosis. We recommend that patients with UGIB should undergo early risk stratification using a risk scoring system.
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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common but burdensome ailment that is still poorly understood in terms of its pathogenesis. The existence of biofilms on the sinonasal mucosa of individuals with CRS has been proven by current biofilm identification methods. Current treatments for CRS generally include functional endoscopic sinus surgery, biofilm-removing strategies, and limited therapies that target quorum sensing (QS), patients with CRS are often resistant to antimicrobial therapy at degrees achievable by oral or intravenous administration, and even a subset of patients fail to react to either medical or surgical intervention. ⋯ Resistance to antibiotics is attributed to the 3-dimensional structure and QS of biofilms, and the latter describes the communication of bacteria within biofilms. A better understanding of biofilms in CRS and their contribution to the antibiotic resistance of CRS is critical for novel treatment strategies. This review mainly discusses the special structure of biofilms, QS, and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in order to investigate prospective anti-biofilm therapies, suggest future directions for study, and potentially refine the CRS prevention paradigm.