Medicine
-
Analyzing adverse drug reaction using statistical and machine learning methods: A systematic review.
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unintended negative drug-induced responses. Determining the association between drugs and ADRs is crucial, and several methods have been proposed to demonstrate this association. This systematic review aimed to examine the analytical tools by considering original articles that utilized statistical and machine learning methods for detecting ADRs. ⋯ Using the 72 main articles, this review provides guidelines on which databases are frequently utilized and which analysis methods can be connected. For statistical analysis, >90% of the cases were analyzed by disproportionate or regression analysis with each spontaneous reporting system (SRS) data or electronic medical record (EMR) data; for machine learning research, however, there was a strong tendency to analyze various data combinations. Only half of the DrugBank database was occupied, and the k-nearest neighbor method accounted for the greatest proportion.
-
Meta Analysis
Risk of developing cognitive impairment on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review.
The increasing number of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidence has led to a great negative impact on older people's lives. This chronic disease was a critical and independent risk factor for cognitive function impairment in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment as a frequent feature. This systematic review aimed to examine the risk of developing cognitive impairment in COPD. ⋯ There is a potential association between COPD and mild cognitive impairment. We encourage more studies to be done with higher sensitivity and specificity cognitive screening tools in the future to build better evidence and qualify to be analyzed quantitatively with meta-analysis.
-
Multicenter Study
The relationship between a fish-rich diet and poststroke cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study with a follow-up in China.
Whether a fish-rich diet is positively associated with cognitive function after stroke remains unclear; thus, the present study investigated the relationship between them. The present study was part of a prospective multicenter study, in which 920 individuals (609 males, mean age, 62.78 ± 11.79 years) were included from November 2013 to December 2015. The cognitive function of the patients was evaluated, and the diagnosis of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) was made during their stay in the hospital. ⋯ After adjusting for demographic and clinical variables by logistic regression, patients with a habit of consuming a fish-rich diet had a lower risk of developing PSCI than patients without a fish-rich diet (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.95). When MMSE score was considered the cognitive function outcome variable, the long-term cognitive function of the fish-rich diet group was better (28 [26-30] vs 27 [25-29], P < .01), but the statistical results were not significant after correcting for the related confounding factors (β: 0.13; 95% CI: -0.99-1.25; P = .82). There was a negative relationship between consuming a fish-rich diet and the prevalence of PSCI, and there was no statistically significant difference in the relationship of a fish-rich diet on long-term cognitive function after stroke, which requires further study.
-
Throughout history, simulation has been used to demonstrate various techniques, acquire skills, and maintain best practices in healthcare. Simulation has evolved significantly, primarily because of the extent to which it can enhance both clinical proficiency and patient care. Although simulation-based training (SBT) in healthcare has grown exponentially in the 21st century, it has been around for centuries. This paper aims to reflect on the history and evolution of simulation in healthcare and review its current applications in order to provide a foundation for developing new applications for future expanded use.
-
Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been widely used in the evaluation of body composition in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. We conducted this study to evaluate impact of phase angle (PA) and sarcopenia measured by BIA on clinical prognosis in these patients. This longitudinal retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent hemodialysis between January 2016 and March 2019. ⋯ Multivariate Cox analyses revealed that lower PA (0.51 [0.31-0.85], P = .010), higher IDWG (1.06 [1.01-1.12], P = .028) and C-reactive protein level (1.01 [1.01-1.02], P < .001), and a history of coronary artery disease (3.02 [1.04-8.77], P = .042) were significantly related to all-cause mortality after adjusting for other covariates. PA measured by BIA was an independent factor in the prediction of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients, regardless of sarcopenia. Intervention studies are needed to confirm if the improvement in PA is associated with better clinical outcome.