Medicine
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This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between 2 major global health challenges, malaria and HIV, with a specific focus on their impact on children. These diseases, both endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, create a dual burden that significantly elevates the risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children with compromised immune systems due to HIV. The review delves into the complex mechanisms by which these infections interact, from heightened clinical malaria frequencies in HIV-infected individuals to the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy on malaria treatment. ⋯ Additionally, the study underscores the significance of climate data and artificial intelligence in improving diagnostics and drug development. Furthermore, the review introduces the concept of genetically modified mosquitoes as a novel approach to vector control, offering a promising avenue to protect HIV-positive individuals from mosquito-borne diseases like malaria. Through a comprehensive analysis of these strategies, the study aims to provide a foundation for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers to develop effective regulations and interventions that reduce the dual burden of malaria and HIV in children, improving public health outcomes in endemic regions.
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Telocytes are a new type of interstitial cell with a diverse morphology and important functions, such as mechanical support, signal transduction, immune regulation, and tissue repair. In this paper, the origin and physiological and pathological functions of telocytes as well as their role in inflammation will be discussed, and the functions and targets of telocytes in inflammation will be fully reviewed, which may contribute to a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Leptin is a hormone secreted primarily by adipose tissue. It regulates an organism's metabolism, energy balance, and body weight through a negative feedback mechanism. When a person or animal has low body fat and little energy, the leptin level in the body decreases, and conversely, when there is an excess of nutrients, the leptin level increases, giving a feeling of satiety. ⋯ Many studies have shown that abnormal leptin levels, such as hyperleptinemia, are closely associated with common risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS). This review systematically states the relationship between leptin and common risk factors for AS (inflammation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and sleep disorders) and provides some new thoughts on the future direction of research on both. Because the abnormal level of leptin will have adverse effects on multiple atherosclerotic risk factors, how to regulate the leptin level of patients with AS, and whether we can treat and prevent AS by intervening the leptin level, these may be our new research directions in the future.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Establishment and validation of a clinical diagnostic model for gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.
A clinical diagnostic model of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) was developed and validated to improve the identification of precancerous lesions in gastric cancer. ⋯ This study provides a visual mathematical model that can be used to diagnose high-risk LGIN, improve follow-up or endoscopic treatment and the detection rate of precancerous gastric cancer lesions, reduce the incidence of gastric cancer, and provide a reliable basis for the treatment of LGIN.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for mild knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been widely used for various musculoskeletal disorders, including knee osteoarthritis (OA), and has been shown in several studies to be a safe treatment. Although some studies have confirmed the pain-relieving effect of ESWT for knee OA, research on objectivity for structural changes in knee OA is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ESWT treatment mechanisms in patients with knee OA by means of clinical symptoms and ultrasound techniques as objective measures. ⋯ Although the therapeutic activity itself could improve OA symptoms, objective improvements were only observed after ESWT. Suprapatellar effusion height was reduced after ESWT and the effect was maintained after 1-month. Our results suggest that ESWT may be effective in reducing suprapatellar effusion and improving symptoms in mild knee OA. However, studies with a larger sample size are required.