Medicine
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Significant biomarkers can predict and estimate the response to chemotherapy for different types of lymphoma. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) belong to different types of lymphoma, their prognosis is very different, programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been studied in these 2 types of diseases. However, few studies have involved the difference in PD-1/PD-L1 levels between cHL and PTCL. ⋯ The dynamic detection of sPD-L1 showed that after 2 courses of chemotherapy, the sPD-L1 level in cHL patients with complete remission declined, but the level of sPD-L1 from patients with incomplete remission was not significantly changed (P > .05). In tumor tissues of cHL patients, PD-1(+) was 77%, PD-L1(+) was 69%, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression levels were high. Our results suggest that PD-1 levels in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells are helpful for the stage of disease in patients with cHL, and the dynamic detection of sPD-L1 level is helpful for the judgment of patients with cHL.
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One of the major challenges that stem cell transplantation faces is a lack of donors due to a lack of knowledge and awareness of the importance of stem cell transplantation, this implies that health care providers should arm themselves with sufficient knowledge to contribute positively to raising awareness. This is an analytical cross-sectional study of 1040 medical students from 10 universities from various Sudanese states, through an online self-administered pre-tested and structured questionnaire formulated by the authors with a particular focus and/or reflection on the knowledge and attitudes of medical students. The median knowledge score among all students was 8.0 (6-9) with the majority of students confirming that stem cells are capable of dividing and can self-renew for a long period (88.6%). ⋯ Moreover, (45.9%) of students believe that health practitioners have the right to use stem cells in treatments if those treatments have been scientifically proven to be effective on animals and on human cells in the laboratory. It is important to promote educational programs that inform medical students about the full range of possibilities offered by stem cell research. Furthermore, more studies is required to determine how society and religion affect medical students' attitudes toward stem cells.
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Spinal tuberculosis or TB spondylitis is one of the most common types of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, which is about 15% of all cases. It causes severe morbidity, neurological deficits, and severe deformities in the patients. The growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture specimens obtained from infected tissue is the single gold standard diagnostic test for spinal TB. ⋯ Similar trend were analyzed on the motor neurologic status with TLR2 levels in paraparesis were significantly higher than those in normal (P < .05). There is a significant relationship between the TLR2 levels in TB spondylitis and their impaired motor and sensory function. Spinal destruction has been shown to provide significant relationship with TLR2 value in spondylitis TB.
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To explore the feasibility of using micro-bolus pulse injection method to reduce the dilution effect of pipeline on high concentration injection, and to understand low liquid volume bolus injection based on low injection speed. Using a programmable pulse injection pump, a 25-cm - long pipeline containing water-soluble fluorescent agent was flushed using different volumes of bolus, and the time spent for the complete disappearance of the fluorescent agent was recorded to evaluate the flushing efficiency. The finite element simulation of 2-phase flow was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, and the difference of shear rate and pressure distribution in the vein of pulse injection and direct injection of bolus under hemostasis was compared and simulated. ⋯ The impact of micro-bolus pulse injection on the vein can achieve the same or even lower negative effects as other injection methods after increasing the hemostatic distance to 100 mm. In the case of bolus injection requiring high concentration and small volume, such as for radiopharmaceutical dynamic imaging, the application of micro-bolus pulse injection is an effective way to overcome the dilution phenomenon of the imaging agent in the pipeline. During hemostasis, the micro-bolus pulse injection needs to control a longer hemostasis distance to reduce the potential impact on peripheral veins.
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Observational Study
Comprehensive characterization of MUC16 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma for immunotherapies and prognosis: An observational study.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a non-small-cell lung cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy is a promising candidate for LUAD, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) could be a new biomarker to monitor the response of cancer patients to immunotherapy. It is known that the mucin 16 (MUC16) mutation is the most common and affects the progression and prognosis of several cancers. ⋯ Elevated expressions of PD-L1, LAG3, PDCD1, and SIGLEC15, and most of the T-effector and interferon-γ gene signatures, were depicted in the high-risk group. Moreover, the nomogram using the IPM and clinical prognostic factors also predicted the overall survival and clinical utility. Our project developed a robust risk signature depending on the MUC16 status and provided novel insights for individualized treatment options for LUAD patients.