Medicine
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Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles with a diameter ranging from 40 to 160 nm, are abundantly present in various body fluids. Exosomal microRNA (ex-miR), due to its exceptional sensitivity and specificity, has garnered significant attention. ⋯ This attribute of ex-miR has piqued considerable interest in its application as a diagnostic tool for the early detection, continuous monitoring, and prognosis evaluation of cancer. Given the critical role of exosomes and their cargo in cancer biology, this review explores the intricate processes of exosome biogenesis and uptake, their multifaceted roles in cancer development and progression, and the potential of ex-miRs as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis.
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Review Case Reports
Acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1, IDH2, and SETD2 mutations mimicking acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report and literature review.
Acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1, IDH2, and SETD2 mutations can mimic acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and poses a challenge for the early and accurate differentiation and diagnosis of APL with PML::RARA. ⋯ The comprehensive evaluation of bone marrow morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology is essential for the accurate diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of small dose esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms in elderly patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery for malignant tumors: A randomized clinical trial.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms are significant complications after surgery. Studies have indicated that esketamine possesses neuroprotective and antidepressant qualities. ⋯ Intraoperative low-dose esketamine and postoperative low-dose esketamine combined with sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia has been shown to improve postoperative analgesia, alleviate postoperative depressive symptoms, and aid in the recovery of social executive ability. However, this approach did not reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Gastrointestinal tumors, including those of the stomach, colon, rectum, and esophagus, present significant global health challenges. Chemotherapy, essential for treating these cancers, often causes constipation, adversely affecting patients' quality of life. This study examines the mechanisms behind chemotherapy-induced constipation, such as the direct impact of chemotherapeutic drugs on intestinal function, reduced fluid intake, decreased physical activity, opioid use, and psychological stress. ⋯ Traditional Chinese medicine offers additional strategies with herbal remedies and dietary adjustments. Future research should prioritize precision medicine, combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and developing innovative therapeutics utilizing biologics and nanotechnology. Ongoing research is crucial for improving chemotherapy-induced constipation management, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes and the quality of life for chemotherapy patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
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Review
Unexplored topics in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A review and bibliometric analysis.
To conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research published on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and explore the related frontiers and critical issues concerning it, we searched the Web of Science Core Collection for ICP-related publications from the beginning of 2001 until August of 2023. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to evaluate the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of various countries and regions, institutes and so on to identify new frontiers and currently exciting topics. Our bibliometric analysis scrutinized 933 articles from 59 countries/regions. ⋯ ICP is associated with adverse clinical outcomes for both the mother and fetus. This study provides a critical analysis of the current status and future research trends regarding ICP. It can serve as a useful reference, allowing researchers to conduct in-depth investigations into this promising field.