Medicine
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Observational Study
Association between serum globulins and diabetes mellitus in American latent tuberculosis infection patients: A cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is predisposing to the development of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). An understanding of the underlying factors of LTBI-DM is important for tuberculosis prevention and control. This study aims to evaluate the association between LTBI and DM among the noninstitutionalized civilian population in the United States, focusing on the impact of serum globulins. ⋯ The area under the curve for serum globulin predicting DM was 0.795, with an optimal cutoff value of 2.9. Elevated serum globulin levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of DM among individuals with LTBI, highlighting the potential role of serum globulin as a predictive biomarker for DM in this population. However, the specific mechanism between globulin and LTBI-DM needs to be further investigated.
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Observational Study
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of female urinary incontinence: A retrospective analysis.
This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of high-intensity focused ultrasound, a noninvasive treatment, for managing urinary incontinence (UI) in women. This is a single-center, retrospective study involving 28 women. Patients, aged between 32 and 65, were included. ⋯ Lacking a control group is another limitation. Although advances in technology are very important for medical treatments, their effectiveness and safety need to be proven. Future research in this area with a larger sample size and a prospective design will offer further evidence supporting effectiveness of this treatment model.
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Observational Study
Impact of nurse-led palliative care on symptom management and life quality outcomes in elderly cancer patients: A retrospective study.
The objective was to explore impacts of nurse-led palliative care interventions on elderly cancer patients in terms of symptom management and life quality outcomes. This retrospective study examined 150 cancer patients from January 2021 to September 2023, divided into 2 groups based on nurse-led palliative care receipt. The observation group (n = 90) received nurse-led palliative care while the control group (n = 60) received routine nursing frequency was 3 times per week for 6 months. ⋯ Following the intervention, symptom improvement rate in the observation group exhibited markedly superior compared to the control group (100% vs 91.67%, P < .05) and a significant improvement in the patient's health-related quality of life was observed in the observation group at 1, 3, and 5 months postintervention (P < .05). In additional, the observation group displayed notably lower scores on both BPI-C and the BFI-C in contrast to the control group (P < .05). Nurse-led palliative care interventions can effectively improve symptom management and quality of life in elderly cancer patients compared to routine nursing care.
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Observational Study
IGFL2 expression and surgical volume: Independent predictors of survival in gastric cancer.
This study aimed to assess the impact of surgeons' annual volume and insulin-like growth factor-like family member 2 (IGFL2) expression on gastric cancer prognosis. Clinicopathological data from 475 patients who underwent D2 lymph node dissection were analyzed. IGFL2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. ⋯ Surgeons performing >26 cases annually had higher OS and DFS (hazard ratio = 1.65, 1.58, all P < .01). Nomograms integrating surgical volume, IGFL2 expression, grade, TNM staging, and carcinoembryonic antigen showed superior predictive accuracy for OS and DFS compared to TNM alone, with robust C-indices and area under the curve values. Surgeons' annual volume and IGFL2 expression independently predict gastric cancer prognosis, emphasizing the need for specialized training and further research on IGFL2's molecular mechanisms to enhance patient outcomes.
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Case Reports
Fatal Zargar grade 3b corrosive injury after hydrochloric acid ingestion: A case report.
Caustic substance ingestion is an emergency and life-threatening condition as it leads to tissue damage, acidosis, and multiorgan failure. This study presents a case report of hydrochloric acid ingestion and notably dark-red urine output due to acute tubular necrosis. ⋯ For corrosive injuries, early endoscopy was crucial in assessing the extent of the damage and guiding treatment in this patient. It is essential to perform an early endoscopic examination in cases of acute nephrotoxic tubular necrosis following hydrochloric acid ingestion. Surgical intervention is warranted if necrosis is detected in the corrosive tissue.